常用数学术语和符号.

Asymptotic notation 渐进符号

Θ-notation  -  Asymptotic tight bound
读法：Θ(n²)  - pronounced "theta of n-squared".
意义： For a given function g( n), we denote by Θ( g( n)) the set of functions

Θ( g( n)) = { f( n) : there exist positive constants c ₁, c ₂, and n ₀ such that 0 ≤ c ₁ g( n) ≤ f( n) ≤ c ₂ g( n) for all n ≥ n ₀}.
(Within set notation, a colon should be read as "such that.")

O -notation - Asymptotic upper bound
读法： O( g( n)) - pronounced "big-oh of g of n" or sometimes just "oh of g of n".
意义： For a given function g( n), we denote by O( g( n)) the set of functions

O( g( n)) = { f( n): there exist positive constants c and n ₀ such that 0 ≤ f( n) ≤ cg( n) for all n ≥ n ₀}.

Ω -notation - Asymptotic lower bound
读法： Ω( g( n)) - pronounced "big-omega of g of n" or sometimes just "omega of g of n")
意义：For a given function g( n), we denote by Ω( g( n))  the set of functions

Ω( g( n)) = { f( n): there exist positive constants c and n ₀ such that 0 ≤ cg( n) ≤ f( n) for all n ≥ n ₀}.

Monotonicity 单调性

A function f( n) is monotonically increasing if m ≤ n implies f( m) ≤ f( n).
A function f(n) is monotonically decreasing if m ≤ n implies f( m) ≥ f( n).
A function f( n) is strictly increasing if m < n implies f( m) < f( n).
A function f(n) is strictly decreasing if m < n implies f( m) > f( n).

Floors and Ceiling 底和顶

For any real number x, we denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x by ⌊x⌋ (read "the floor of x") and the least integer greater than or equal to x by ⌈x⌉ (read "the ceiling of x"). For all real x,