struts2做验证码

最近在做验证码的时候碰到了这样一个错误：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: getOutputStream() has already been called for this response

再三测试发现当在jsp页面上加上out.clear();和  pageContext.pushBody();的时候错误就会消失

下面我把源代码贴出来，以便以后使用，如果有朋友也碰到这样的错误也可以注意一下，少走弯路。

用来生成验证码图片的java类：

package com.xueji.common;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

/**
 * @author dzy
 * 生成验证码图片
　 */
public class MakeCertPic {

 
      //验证码图片中可以出现的字符集，可根据需要修改
     private char mapTable[]={
         'a','b','c','d','e','f',
         'g','h','i','j','k','l',
         'm','n','o','p','q','r',
         's','t','u','v','w','x',
         'y','z','0','1','2','3',
         '4','5','6','7','8','9'};
      /**
      * 功能:生成彩色验证码图片
     * 参数width为生成图片的宽度,参数height为生成图片的高度,参数os为页面的输出流
     */
     public String getCertPic(int width, int height, OutputStream os) {
     if(width<=0)width=60;
     if(height<=0)height=20;
     BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
        BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
     // 获取图形上下文
     Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
     // 设定背景色
     g.setColor(new Color(0xDCDCDC));
     g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
     //画边框
     g.setColor(Color.black);
     g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
     // 取随机产生的认证码
    String strEnsure = "";
     // 4代表4位验证码,如果要生成更多位的认证码,则加大数值
    for(int i=0; i<4; ++i) {
      strEnsure+=mapTable[(int)(mapTable.length*Math.random())];
     } 
     // 　　将认证码显示到图像中,如果要生成更多位的认证码,增加drawString语句
    g.setColor(Color.black);
     g.setFont(new Font("Atlantic Inline",Font.PLAIN,18));
     String str = strEnsure.substring(0,1);
     g.drawString(str,8,17);
     str = strEnsure.substring(1,2);
     g.drawString(str,20,15);
     str = strEnsure.substring(2,3);
     g.drawString(str,35,18);  
     str = strEnsure.substring(3,4);
     g.drawString(str,45,15);
     // 随机产生10个干扰点
    Random rand = new Random();
     for (int i=0;i<10;i++) {
      int x = rand.nextInt(width);
      int y = rand.nextInt(height);
      g.drawOval(x,y,1,1);
     }
     // 释放图形上下文
    g.dispose();  
     try {
      // 输出图像到页面
      ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", os);
      os=null;
     } catch (IOException e) {
      return "";
     } 
     return strEnsure;
     }
}

 
放置验证码的jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 
<%@page contentType="image/JPEG" %>
　 <%
   out.clear();
   pageContext.pushBody();
%>

 

struts 的Action：

package com.xueji.action;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.xueji.common.MakeCertPic;

public class MakeCertPicAction extends ActionSupport{
 MakeCertPic makeCertPic = new MakeCertPic();
 private String t;
    public String getT() {
  return t;
 }
 public void setT(String t) {
  this.t = t;
 }
 public String makeCertPic(){
  ActionContext cxt = ActionContext.getContext();  
  HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)cxt.get(ServletActionContext.HTTP_RESPONSE);
  HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)cxt.get(ServletActionContext.HTTP_REQUEST);
  
  String strEnsure = null;
     try {
   strEnsure = makeCertPic.getCertPic(0,0, response.getOutputStream());
      request.getSession().setAttribute("certCode", strEnsure);
     } catch (IOException e) {
   // TODO Auto-generated catch block
   e.printStackTrace();
  }
     return "makePic";
    }
}

struts.xml;

<package name="registration" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
       <result-types>
           <result-type name="json" class="org.apache.struts2.json.JSONResult"/>
       </result-types>
        <global-results>
            <result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
        </global-results>   
     
         <action name="makeCertPic" class="com.xueji.action.MakeCertPicAction" method="makeCertPic">
            <result name="makePic">/comjsp/makeCertPic.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>
    <!-- Add packages here -->

</struts>

登录界面：

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>学生入口</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/style.css"/>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/js.js"></script>

 <script type="text/javascript">

  function reloadcode(){
    var verify=document.getElementById('safecode');
    verify.setAttribute('src','makeCertPic?t='+Math.random());
}

</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="top"> </div>
<form id="login" name="login" action="login_student" method="post">
  <div id="center">
    <div id="center_left"></div>
    <div id="center_middle">
      <div class="user">
        <label>用户名：
        <input type="text" name="username" id="user" />
        </label>
      </div>
      <div class="user">
        <label>密　码：
        <input type="password" name="userpassword" id="pwd" />
        </label>
      </div>
      <div class="chknumber">
        <label>验证码：
        <input name="chknumber" type="text" id="chknumber" maxlength="4" class="chknumber_input" />
        </label>
        <img src="makeCertPic" id="safecode" οnclick="reloadcode()"  alt="看不清楚,换一张"/>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div id="center_middle_right"></div>
    <div id="center_submit">
      <div class="button"> <img src="images/dl.gif" width="57" height="20" οnclick="form_submit()" > </div>
      <div class="button"> <img src="images/cz.gif" width="57" height="20" οnclick="form_reset()"> </div>
    </div>
    <div id="center_right"></div>
  </div>
</form>
<div id="footer"></div>
</body>
</html>