《计算机系统要素》学习笔记：第四章机器语言

1.学习要点
1）机器语言可以被看作是一种约定的形式，它利用处理器和寄存器来操控内存。
2）汇编语言可分为三类：内存访问（直接寻址，立即寻址，间接寻址），算术逻辑运算，分支跳转语句（流程控制）
3）hack语言，共有A-指令和C-指令两种指令，A指令负责寻址，C指令负责运算和跳转，与第五章的CPU结构对应。
4）乘法程序用多次加法来实现。
5）I/O处理程序没看懂，网络找到答案，但是模拟器上效果不对。。。（+_+）

2.代码实现
（1）乘法程序

// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
// File name: projects/04/Mult.asm

// Multiplies R0 and R1 and stores the result in R2.
// (R0, R1, R2 refer to RAM[0], RAM[1], and RAM[2], respectively.)

@0  
D=M  
@2  
M=0  
(LOOP)  
@1  
D=M  
@END  
D;JEQ  

@1  
M=M-1  

@0  
D=M  
@2  
M=M+D  

@1  
D=M  
@LOOP  
D;JGT  

@END  
(END)  
0;JMP 

（2）I/O处理程序

// This file is part of www.nand2tetris.org
// and the book "The Elements of Computing Systems"
// by Nisan and Schocken, MIT Press.
// File name: projects/04/Fill.asm

// Runs an infinite loop that listens to the keyboard input.
// When a key is pressed (any key), the program blackens the screen,
// i.e. writes "black" in every pixel;
// the screen should remain fully black as long as the key is pressed. 
// When no key is pressed, the program clears the screen, i.e. writes
// "white" in every pixel;
// the screen should remain fully clear as long as no key is pressed.

// Put your code here.

(BEGIN)  

@KBD  
D = M  
@CLEAN  
D;JEQ  

@SCREEN          //涂黑   
D = A  
@Bcount  
A = M + D  
M = -1  

@Bcount          //键盘按下  
M = M + 1  
D = M  
@8192            //8K  
D = D - A  
@Bcount  
M = D  
@END  
D;JGE  
@8192  
D = D + A  
@Bcount  
M = D  
@END  
0;JMP  

(CLEAN)          //无键盘按下   

@SCREEN          //涂白   
D = A  
@Wcount  
A = M + D  
M = 0  

@Wcount          //键盘按下  
M = M + 1  
D = M  
@8192            //8K  
D = D - A  
@Wcount  
M = D  
@END  
D;JGE  
@8192  
D = D + A  
@Wcount  
M = D  

(END)  
@BEGIN  
0;JMP