UNIT3
A、Verbs for structuring academic assignments
verbs | meaning |
---|---|
involved in | which are part of/included in |
conduct | organise and do |
illustrate | draw something in order to explain something |
assume | accepting something to be true |
find | discover by calculating |
calculate | judge the number or amount of something and adding, multiplying, subtracting or dividing numbers |
demonstrates | show, make clear |
identify | recognise someone or something and say or prove who or what they are |
challenge | questions whether it is true |
affect | look at or consider carefully and in detail |
B、More key verbs
verbs | meaning |
---|---|
classify | divide things into groups according to their type |
establish | discover or get proof of |
account for | explain |
seen | see is often used in the passive in academic style |
present | given |
show | proved |
attempt | (formal) tries |
C、Verbs which combine with noun forms of key verb
verbs | meaning |
---|---|
explain | give/provide/offer an explanation (of/for) |
explore | carry out an exploration (of) |
emphasise | place/put emphasis (on) |
describe | give/provide a description (of) |
UNIT5 Key adverbs
A、Adverbs that compare
adverbs | meaning |
---|---|
comparatively/relatively | in comparison with something else |
especially/particularly | more than usual |
specially | more than usual (spoken English only) for a specific purpose |
somewhat (opposite | considerably) |
primarily | mainly Amir is primarily interested in bio-physics. |
mostly/largely | almost completely (but not totally so) |
directly (opposite: indirectly) | without anything else being involved housing. |
B、Adverbs that relate to numbers or time
adverbs | meaning |
---|---|
approximately | [roughly, about] |
precisely | [exactly] |
frequently | [often] |
eventually | [in the end, after some time] |
Ultimately | [finally, after other things have been completed] |
C、Adverbs that relate to how things are stated
adverbs | meaning |
---|---|
essentially | referring to its main characteristics; also basically |
explicitly | openly |
Generally | usually, also on the whole |
implicitly | not directly, suggested or implied rather than stated |
D、Adverbs that restrict or limit
adverbs | meaning |
---|---|
merely | exactly and nothing more |
simply | [plainly] [easily; someone who isn’t a specialist in the field] [absolutely, without doubt] |
hardly ever | almost never: |
UNIT6 Phrasal verbs in academic English
A、Phrasal verbs and one-word synonyms
phrasal verb | synonym |
---|---|
put forward (an idea/view/opinion/theory/plan) | present |
carry out (an experiment / research) | conduct |
make up | constitute |
be made up of | consist of |
point out | observe |
point up | highlight |
set out (to do something) | aim |
set out | describe |
go into | discuss |
go/look back over | revise, review * |
go through | check |
B、More phrase verbs
Phrase | meaning |
---|---|
go on to | do something after doing something else |
work on | study, work in the field of |
set up | prepared, arranged |
work out | come to a conclusion about |
go against | not be in agreement with |
write it all up | (of an important document) write in a final form |