asio与序列化——被忽略的神器asio::streambuf-CSDN博客

如果不是为了寻找一种跟简便的序列化的方法，我肯定会忽略掉streambuf，因为他在asio的example和介绍中都是那么的平淡无奇，以至于让我以为他只能跟async_read_until一起用才有意义，让人完全没有想用的的欲望..后来问了microcai和jackarain才知道有transfer_exactly这种东西，我才意识到了这货是把boost::serialization和asio联系到一起的神器。
最开始用boost的serialization，总觉得不顺手，因为标准库中并没有提供一种streambuf可以直接用来存放二进制数据，所以我只能用text archive来序列化和反序列化结构体。本来打算自己继承std::streambuf写一个，忽然想起来asio里面有个streambuf，不知道合不合适，拿过来一看，诶嘿，完全可用，那就不自己造轮子了。

选择了asio::streambuf之后，就遇到了新问题，直接这么写是不行的：

boost::asio::write(sock,streambuf);
boost::asio::read(sock,streambuf);

这样会一直阻塞在函数里面不会返回，除非发生错误或者连接中断。异步的版本也不行，一直不会调用回调函数。这就郁闷了啊，到底该怎样写入确定字节数的数据，写完就返回呢？这时候就轮到asio::transfer_exactly上场了，给read和write加个参数，指定要写入的字节数就可以了，于是这样boost::serialization就和asio完美结合起来了！！示例如下：

boost::asio::write(sock,streambuf,boost::asio::transfer_exactly(streambuf.size()));
boost::asio::read(sock,streambuf,boost::asio::transfer_exactly(streambuf.size()));

异步版本也一样，我就不写了，直接上一个示例，功能很简单，一个客户端一个服务器，客户端连上服务器之后要求输入一个数字和一个字符串，组合成一个结构体并序列化，然后发送到服务器，服务器返回这个结构体，不过并不是只返回一次，而是随机返回1到10次，客户端接收后显示出来。
protlcal.h

#pragma once

#include <boost/serialization/access.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/binary_oarchive.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/binary_iarchive.hpp>

struct message_t 
{
    int num;
    std::string str;

    friend class boost::serialization::access;
    template<class Archive>
    void serialize(Archive &ar, const unsigned int /*version*/)
    {
        ar & num;
        ar & str;
    }
};

client：

#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include "protocal.h"

void read_buf(boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket& s,
    boost::asio::streambuf& buf)
{
    int size = 0;
    boost::asio::read(s, boost::asio::buffer(&size, sizeof(int)));
    if (size == 0)
    {
        std::cout << "No data...." << std::endl;
        return;
    }
    boost::asio::read(s, buf, boost::asio::transfer_exactly(size));
}

void write_buf(boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket& s, 
    boost::asio::streambuf& buf)
{
    int size = buf.size();
    boost::asio::write(s, boost::asio::buffer(&size, sizeof(int)));
    boost::asio::write(s, buf, boost::asio::transfer_exactly(size));
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  try
  {
    if (argc != 3)
    {
      std::cerr << "Usage: blocking_tcp_echo_client <host> <port>\n";
      return 1;
    }

    boost::asio::io_service io_service;

    boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver resolver(io_service);
    boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver::query query(boost::asio::ip::tcp::v4(), argv[1], argv[2]);
    boost::asio::ip::tcp::resolver::iterator iterator = resolver.resolve(query);

    boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket s(io_service);
    boost::asio::connect(s, iterator);

    message_t message;
    std::cout << "Enter a number:";
    std::cin >> message.num;
    std::cout << "Enter a message:";
    std::cin >> message.str;

    boost::asio::streambuf buf1;
    boost::archive::binary_oarchive oa(buf1);
    oa << message;
    write_buf(s, buf1);

    boost::asio::streambuf buf2;
    read_buf(s, buf2);

    boost::archive::binary_iarchive ia(buf2);
    int rep_num = 0;
    ia >> rep_num;
    for (int i = 0; i < rep_num; ++i)
    {
        message_t recv_msg;
        ia >> recv_msg;
        std::cout << "Number:" << recv_msg.num;
        std::cout << "Message:" << recv_msg.str << std::endl;
    }

  }
  catch (std::exception& e)
  {
    std::cerr << "Exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
  }

  return 0;
}

server：

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
#include <boost/asio.hpp>
#include <functional>
#include "../client/protocal.h"
#include <ctime>

// using boost::asio::ip::tcp;

class session
{
public:
    session(boost::asio::io_service& io_service)
        : socket_(io_service)
    {
    }

    boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket& socket()
    {
        return socket_;
    }

    void start()
    {
        async_read_buf(buf_, boost::bind(&session::handle_read_message, this, _1));
    }

private:
    void handle_read_message(boost::system::error_code ec)
    {
        if (ec)
        {
            delete this;
            return;
        }

        boost::archive::binary_iarchive ia(buf_);
        message_t msg;
        ia >> msg;  //得到message结构体

        std::cout << msg.str << std::endl;

        buf_.consume(buf_.size());//清空buf
        boost::archive::binary_oarchive oa(buf_);
        srand(time(NULL));
        int num = rand() % 9 + 1; //生成返回的message结构体的数量
        oa << num;  //加上数量
        for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
        {
            oa << msg;
        }
        async_write_buf(buf_, [this](boost::system::error_code){delete this; });
    }

private:
    //回调函数
    typedef std::function<void(boost::system::error_code ec)> callback_t;
    //读取buf
    void async_read_buf(
        boost::asio::streambuf& buf,
        callback_t callback)
    {
        boost::asio::async_read(socket_,
            boost::asio::buffer(&size_, sizeof(int)),
            boost::bind(
            &session::handle_read_size,
            this, boost::ref(buf), callback,
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }
    void handle_read_size(
        boost::asio::streambuf& buf,
        callback_t callback,
        boost::system::error_code ec)
    {
        if (ec)
        {
            delete this;
            return;
        }

        boost::asio::async_read(socket_, buf,
            boost::asio::transfer_exactly(size_),
            boost::bind(callback,
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }

    //写入buf
    void async_write_buf(
        boost::asio::streambuf& buf,
        callback_t callback)
    {
        size_ = buf.size();
        boost::asio::async_write(socket_,
            boost::asio::buffer(&size_, sizeof(int)),
            boost::bind(
            &session::handle_write_size,
            this, boost::ref(buf), callback,
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }

    void handle_write_size(
        boost::asio::streambuf& buf,
        callback_t callback,
        boost::system::error_code ec)
    {
        if (ec)
        {
            delete this;
            return;
        }

        boost::asio::async_write(socket_, buf,
            boost::asio::transfer_exactly(size_),
            boost::bind(callback,
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }

    boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket socket_;

    int size_;

    boost::asio::streambuf buf_;
};

class server
{
public:
    server(boost::asio::io_service& io_service, short port)
        : io_service_(io_service),
        acceptor_(io_service, boost::asio::ip::tcp::endpoint(boost::asio::ip::tcp::v4(), port))
    {
        start_accept();
    }

private:
    void start_accept()
    {
        session* new_session = new session(io_service_);
        acceptor_.async_accept(new_session->socket(),
            boost::bind(&server::handle_accept, this, new_session,
            boost::asio::placeholders::error));
    }

    void handle_accept(session* new_session,
        const boost::system::error_code& error)
    {
        if (!error)
        {
            new_session->start();
        }
        else
        {
            delete new_session;
        }

        start_accept();
    }

    boost::asio::io_service& io_service_;
    boost::asio::ip::tcp::acceptor acceptor_;
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    try
    {
        if (argc != 2)
        {
            std::cerr << "Usage: async_tcp_echo_server <port>\n";
            return 1;
        }

        boost::asio::io_service io_service;

        server s(io_service, std::atoi(argv[1]));

        io_service.run();
    }
    catch (std::exception& e)
    {
        std::cerr << "Exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
    }

    return 0;
}

有了序列化就是好，是不是有种把异步写成了同步的赶脚？只管把数据往streambuf里面塞，然后一起发出去，收的时候一下全部接受，然后挨个解析，说C++的stream是垃圾的，我咋觉得这么好用呢？另外asio的streambuf完全可以配合std::istream和std::ostream来用，可以直接将int或者std::string直接输入到streambuf而不用boost的序列化库。
不过有个缺点就是如果数据量大肯定不行，内存放不下，但是绝大多数的时候完全够用了。我之前担心过某个session读写的数据稍大一点会导致其他的读写无法进行，后来microcai说没这回事，asio内部会分成小段发送，那唯一要担心的就是太大的数据会撑爆内存了。。