C#接口

很多初学c#的朋友对于事件与接口感到迷惑不解,不明白它们之间的关系,下面我就用

                  实例来简单的分析讲解一下。

 

                  事件,用event修饰符来代表一个事件,我们要创建一个C#事件必须按以下顺序来

                  扫行:

 

                  1,创建或标识一个代表。比如下例中的

 

                  public delegate void dele(); //声明代表,delegate 关键字通知编译器 dele

                  是一个委托类型

 

                  2,创建一个包含事件处理代表,调用事件处理代表的方法的类,如下例

 

 

                  public class EventClass1 : IEvents //IEvents,是下面我们要讲一接口

                  {

                  public event dele event1;//定义事件成员event1

                  public void FireEvent() //当事件发生时

                  {

                  event1(); //调用事件处理

                  }

                  }

 

                  EventClass1继承接口IEvents,以下后面的EventClass2~4,都是一样。

 

                  3,定义一个或多个把方法连接到事件的类

 

                  4,使用事件

 

                  4.1 定义事件响应方法,如下例中的

 

 

                  IEvents id1 = new EventClass1();

 

                  4.2 使用所定义的构造函数创建一个包含事件的对象,如下例中的

 

 

                  id1.event1 += new dele(EventFired1);

 

                  4.3 触发事件,如下例中的

 

 

                  id1.FireEvent();

 

                  下面我们来看看接口,我们必须用interface来声明一个接口。接口声明可以声明零

                  个或多个成员。接口的成员必须是方法、属性、事件或索引器。接口不能包含常数、字

                  段、运算符、实例构造函数、析构函数或类型,也不能包含任何种类的静态成员。

 

                  所有接口成员都隐式地具有 public 访问权限。接口成员声明包含任何修饰符属于

                  编译时错误。具体地说,接口成员包含下列任何修饰符属于编译时错误:abstract、

                  public、protected、internal、private、virtual、override 或
                  static。更多的信

                  息请看msdn

                  help://MS.VSCC/MS.MSDNVS.2052/csspec/html/vclrfcsharpspec_13_1.htm

 

                  在下面的例子中,我们声明IEvents接口,一个方法FireEvent和一个事件event1

 

 

                  public interface IEvents

                  {

                  event dele event1; //定义事件

                  void FireEvent();//定义接口

                  }

 

                  在后面的EventClass1~4类是继承了接口IEvent,因此在这几个类中必须实现上述一

                  个方法和一个事件。下面的实例可以帮助大家更好的理解。

 

                  这是一个简单的windows Forms,包含一个textbox,几个labels和一个button,在程

                  序启动时焦点在textbox,捕捉键盘按下事件,除方向键外,我能过接口来触事方向键按

                  下事件。

 

                  下面的代码是一个网上常见的例程,大家可以拷贝下来,保存为.cs文件,用CSC编译就

                  行

 

                  代码如下:

 

 

                  using System;

                  using System.Drawing;

                  using System.Collections;

                  using System.ComponentModel;

                  using System.Windows.Forms;

                  using System.Data;

 

                  namespace Events_Interfaces

                  {

                  public delegate void dele();//声明代表 delegate 关键字通知编译器 dele 是

                  一个委托类型

                  public interface IEvents //定义接口IEvents,包含方法FireEvent事件event1

                  {

                  event dele event1;

                  void FireEvent();

                  }

                  public class Form1 : System.Windows.Forms.Form

                  {

                  private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;

                  private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;

                  private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;

                  private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;

                  private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3;

 

                  private System.ComponentModel.Container components =null;

 

                  public Form1()

                  {

                  InitializeComponent();

                  }

 

                  protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )

                  {

                  if( disposing )

                  {

                  if (components != null)

                  {

                  components.Dispose();

                  }

                  }

                  base.Dispose( disposing );

                  }

 

                  #region Windows Form Designer generated code

 

                  private void InitializeComponent()

                  {

                  this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();

                  this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

                  this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

                  this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

                  this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

                  this.SuspendLayout();

 

                  this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 80);

                  this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";

                  this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(56,23);

                  this.textBox1.TabIndex = 1;

                  this.textBox1.Text = "";

                  this.textBox1.KeyDown += new

                  System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventHandler(this.Key_Press);

 

                  this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 16);

                  this.label1.Name = "label1";

                  this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(256,64);

                  this.label1.TabIndex = 0;

                  this.label1.Text = "Whenever you use the arrow keys inside
                  the text box,

                  Corresponding events will be" +"fired to display the label
                  appropriately.

                  Have a try!!";

 

                  this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(240, 112);

                  this.button1.Name = "button1";

                  this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(48,23);

                  this.button1.TabIndex = 3;

                  this.button1.Text = "Exit";

                  this.button1.Click += new
                  System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click);

                  //

                  // label2

                  //

                  this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(88, 80);

                  this.label2.Name = "label2";

                  this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(184,23);

                  this.label2.TabIndex = 2;

                  this.label2.TextAlign
                  =System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;

                  //

                  // label3

                  //

                  this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 104);

                  this.label3.Name = "label3";

                  this.label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(64,23);

                  this.label3.TabIndex = 4;

                  this.label3.TextAlign
                  =System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;

                  //

                  // Form1

                  //

                  this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 16);

                  this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(292,141);

                  this.Controls.AddRange(new

                  System.Windows.Forms.Control[]{this.label3,this.button1,this.label2,this.tex

                  tBox1,this.label1});

 

                  this.Font= new

                  System.Drawing.Font("ComicSansMS",8.25F,System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular,

                  System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point,((System.Byte)(0)));

                  this.Name = "Form1";

                  this.Text = "Events";

                  this.ResumeLayout(false);

                  }

                  #endregion

 

                  static void Main()

                  {

                  Application.Run(new Form1());

                  }

 

                  private void Key_Press(object sender,

                  System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs e)

                  {

                  textBox1.Text = "";

                  label2.Text = "";

                  string keyId = e.KeyCode.ToString();

                  switch (keyId)//判断是否按下方向键

                  {

                  case "Right":

                  label3.Text = "";

                  IEvents id1 = new EventClass1(); //实例化一个接口

                  id1.event1 += new dele(EventFired1);//定义EventClass1中的事件响应方法

                  id1.FireEvent();//调用EventClass1中的FireEvent方法,触发event1 事件,事

                  件调用EventFired1方法

                  break;

                  case "Left":

                  label3.Text = "";

                  IEvents id2 = new EventClass2();

                  id2.event1 += new

                  dele(EventFired2);

                  id2.FireEvent();

                  break;

                  case "Down":

                  label3.Text = "";

                  IEvents id3 = new EventClass3();

                  id3.event1 += new

                  dele(EventFired3);

                  id3.FireEvent();

                  break;

                  case "Up":

                  label3.Text = "";

                  IEvents id4 = new EventClass4();

                  id4.event1 += new

                  dele(EventFired4);

                  id4.FireEvent();

                  break;

                  default:

                  label3.Text = keyId;

                  break;

                  }

                  }

                  //EventFired1方法

                  public void EventFired1()

                  {

                  label2.Text = "";

                  label2.Text = "You pressed RIGHT arrow key";

                  }

                  public void EventFired2()

                  {

                  label2.Text = "";

                  label2.Text = "You pressed LEFT arrow key";

                  }

                  public void EventFired3()

                  {

                  label2.Text = "";

                  label2.Text = "You pressed DOWN arrow key";

                  }

                  public void EventFired4()

                  {

                  label2.Text = "";

                  label2.Text = "You pressed UP arrow key";

                  }

 

                  private void button1_Click(object sender,

                  System.EventArgs e)

                  {

                  Application.Exit();

                  }

                  }

                  public class EventClass1 : IEvents

                  {

                  public event dele event1;

                  public void FireEvent()

                  {

                  event1();

                  }

                  }

                  public class EventClass2 : IEvents

                  {

                  public event dele event1;

                  public void FireEvent()

                  {

                  event1();

                  }

                  }

                  public class EventClass3 : IEvents

                  {

                  public event dele event1;

                  public void FireEvent()

                  {

                  event1();

                  }

                  }

                  public class EventClass4 : IEvents//EventClass1继承接口IEvents

                  {

                  public event dele event1;//定义事件成员event1

                  //当事件发生时

                  public void FireEvent()

                  {

                  event1();//调用事件处理

                  }

                  }

 

                  }

 

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