深度剖析!北美特斯拉充电枪标准硬件实现全揭秘,轻松掌握CP,PP编码规则

今天我们来说下北美特斯拉充电枪标准

硬件的实现部分主要通过下面的电路实现的

主要分成三个部分哈

第一部分 ,充电站

第二部分,汽车连接器(一般指ic-cpd 带控制器的线缆充电枪)

第三部分,车身端

通俗的来讲, 这个充电协议就是用电压的变化来传递信息, 包括控制电压的变化,比如12v 到9v 到6v 以及PWM占空比和频率的变化

我们待会来讲这些电压是怎么实现的

你们在看标准的时候,会有很多名词啊

这里我先解释一下子,详情见附录

先分析pp 接触引导线路,说白了就是电阻分压啊

上面是标准要求的电阻, 把电阻带到上面公式计算, 就得到了对应电压,对吧

好一个问题解决了

第二个问题我们来谈谈cp控制引导信号

这个参考的是iec的标准 IEC 61851 – 1 附录中的通讯协议

我们直接看电路图啊 和波形图

我们是不是看到有好几个电压啊 , 这个电压怎么来的呢

首先12v电压和-12v电压都是充电枪控制器一个模块产生的啊,

1.Cp在一开始启动的时候电路是上面的12v,这时后信号发生器pwm没介入电路,不参与工作

2 当枪接上的时候图中的电阻r1,r3是不是要接通啊 要分压变成 r1分到的电压为9v啊。,

3 当进入某状态的时候(不具体说了,详细看文档哈),s2接通, 这时r2也加入分压电路啊 , r1和r2//r3的分压啊 6v

我们看到上面标注1的二极管, 这时怕车内电压反灌到充电枪那边, 因为充电枪里头有个-12v电压.

懂了这些编码规则, 就可以解密了

至于pwm就更没什么神秘了,对这密码表(附录表)就知道传输的什么信息了,

比如不通的duty cycle 表不同的意思

你学废了吗

有问题可以留言,希望大家点赞关注, 你们的支持是我更新的动力啊

转载请注明 半导体老登

附录

### 4.1.1 充电站

The charging station is an assembly of components required for charging of a vehicle battery.

充电站是用于为车辆电池充电所需组件的集合。

### 4.1.2 电源

The power source provides regulated power to charge the vehicle battery. For DC charging, the DC power source shall be isolated from the grid from which it derives power.

电源提供经过调节的电力来为车辆电池充电。对于直流充电,直流电源应与为其供电的电网进行电气隔离。

### 4.1.3 VCHG

VCHG is the power source output bus or voltage.

VCHG 是电源的输出总线或输出电压。

### 4.1.4 ICHG

ICHG is the power source output current. The maximum output current shall be limited by the power source capabilities and thermal limits of the system.

ICHG 是电源的输出电流。最大输出电流应受到电源能力和系统热限制的约束。

### 4.1.5 K1 和 K2

K1 and K2 are contactors or relays used to control the connection of the power source to the vehicle through the vehicle connector.

K1 and K2 are not mandatory and may be excluded in certain systems.

K1 和 K2 是接触器或继电器,用于通过车辆连接器控制电源与车辆之间的连接。

K1 和 K2 并非必需组件,在某些系统中可以省略。

### 4.1.6 VFCLINK

VFCLINK is the voltage bus that links the charging station to the vehicle through the vehicle connector.

VFCLINK 是通过车辆连接器将充电站与车辆相连的电压总线。

### 4.1.7 绝缘监测仪

The isolation monitor measures the isolation to earth and vehicle chassis of VCHG, VFCLINK, and VBAT depending on the state of K1, K2, K3 and K4. The isolation monitor may be placed on the vehicle side of the charging station contactors K1 and K2. Isolation monitoring is only relevant for DC charging.

绝缘监测仪根据 K1、K2、K3 和 K4 的状态,测量 VCHG、VFCLINK 和 VBAT 相对于大地和车辆底盘的绝缘情况。绝缘监测仪可以安装在充电站接触器 K1 和 K2 的车辆一侧。绝缘监测仅在直流充电时适用。

### 4.1.8 充电站控制器

The charging station controller monitors and controls critical safety systems and interactions with the vehicle controller to control the charging process.

充电站控制器监测并控制关键安全系统,并与车辆控制器进行交互,以控制充电过程。

### 4.1.9 接地

The earth connection is used as a reference by the isolation monitor to measure isolation to earth of VCHG, VFCLINK, and VBAT.

接地连接被绝缘监测仪用作参考,以测量 VCHG、VFCLINK 和 VBAT 相对于大地的绝缘情况。

### 4.1.10 车辆连接器

The vehicle connector is an operator moveable part of the charging system which provides conductive connection to the vehicle.

车辆连接器是充电系统中可由操作人员移动的部件,用于为车辆提供导电连接。

### 4.1.11 正极(DC+)/ L1

DC+ / L1 is the positive side of VFCLINK. DC+ / L1 is used for power transfer and may be implemented as a single or dual connection point. DC+ refers to the voltage while DC charging, while L1 refers to the voltage while AC charging.

DC+ / L1 是 VFCLINK 的正极。DC+ / L1 用于电力传输,可采用单连接点或双连接点的方式实现。DC+ 指直流充电时的电压,而 L1 指交流充电时的电压。

### 4.1.12 负极(DC-)/ L2

DC- /L2 is the negative side of VFCLINK. DC- / L2 is used for power transfer and may be implemented as a single or dual connection point. DC- refers to the voltage while DC charging, while L2 refers to the voltage while AC charging.

DC- / L2 是 VFCLINK 的负极。DC- / L2 用于电力传输,可采用单连接点或双连接点的方式实现。DC- 指直流充电时的电压,而 L2 指交流充电时的电压。

### 4.1.13 控制引导线(CP)

CP is used as a digital communication path between the charging system and vehicle. The control pilot uses pulse width modulation to communicate charging state and current in accordance with Annex A of IEC 61851 - 1. Power Line Communication is superimposed onto the control pilot line while DC charging.

控制引导线(CP)用作充电系统与车辆之间的数字通信通道。控制引导线采用脉冲宽度调制技术,按照 IEC 61851 - 1 标准的附录 A 来传达充电状态和电流信息。在直流充电时,电力线通信信号会叠加在控制引导线上。

### 4.1.14 接近引导线(PP)

PP is a low voltage signal generated by VPP, R1, R2, R3, R4, and S1 (pilot proximity circuit) and is used to determine the status of the vehicle connector. The pilot proximity circuit and vehicle connector status relationship are described in section 4.1.28.

接近引导线(PP)是由 VPP、R1、R2、R3、R4 和 S1(引导接近电路)产生的低压信号,用于确定车辆连接器的状态。引导接近电路与车辆连接器状态之间的关系在 4.1.28 节中描述。

### 4.1.15 接地线

The ground conductor provides a connection between earth and vehicle chassis.

The connection provides a common reference point for the isolation monitor to measure isolation of VCHG, VFCLINK, and VBAT to earth and vehicle chassis.

The connection also provides a common reference point for the charging station and vehicle digital communication and low voltage signals.

接地导体在大地和车辆底盘之间建立连接。

该连接为绝缘监测仪提供了一个公共参考点,用于测量 VCHG、VFCLINK 和 VBAT 相对于大地和车辆底盘的绝缘情况。

该连接还为充电站与车辆之间的数字通信和低压信号提供了一个公共参考点。

### 4.1.16 锁止装置

The lock is used to prevent insertion or removal of the vehicle connector from the vehicle as required.

锁止装置用于根据需要防止车辆连接器插入车辆或从车辆拔出。

### 4.1.17 S1

Normally closed switch used in conjunction with VPP, R1, R2, R3, and R4 as part of the proximity pilot circuit to determine the connection status of the vehicle connector. S1 is located in the vehicle connector and is operator accessible. S1 is opened to indicate desire to stop the charge session and disconnect the vehicle connector. Implementation of S1 is optional.

常闭开关,与 VPP、R1、R2、R3 和 R4 配合使用,作为接近引导电路的一部分,用于确定车辆连接器的连接状态。S1 位于车辆连接器内,操作人员可以操作。打开 S1 表示希望停止充电会话并断开车辆连接器。S1 并非必须配备。

### 4.1.18 R1 和 R2

Resistors used in conjunction with VPP, R3, R4, and S1 as part of the proximity pilot circuit to determine the connection status of the vehicle connector. R1 and R2 are located in the vehicle connector.

电阻器,与 VPP、R3、R4 和 S1 配合使用,作为接近引导电路的一部分,用于确定车辆连接器的连接状态。R1 和 R2 位于车辆连接器内。

### 4.1.19 车辆

The vehicle is an assembly of components containing a vehicle battery which may be charged using the charging station.

车辆是一个组件集合,包含一个可使用充电站进行充电的车辆电池。

### 4.1.20 K3 和 K4

K3 and K4 are contactors used to control the connection of the vehicle battery to the charging station. K3 and K4 are closed during DC charging and open during AC charging.

K3 和 K4 是接触器,用于控制车辆电池与充电站之间的连接。在直流充电时,K3 和 K4 闭合;在交流充电时,K3 和 K4 断开。

### 4.1.21 VBAT

VBAT is the vehicle battery output bus or voltage.

VBAT 是车辆电池的输出总线或输出电压。

### 4.1.22 车辆电池

The vehicle battery is a rechargeable energy storage device use to provide power to an electric vehicle drive train.

车辆电池是一种可充电的能量存储装置,用于为电动汽车的传动系统提供动力。

### 4.1.23 车载充电器

The on - board charger is used to convert AC to DC power to charge the vehicle battery with AC charge systems. The on - board charger is bypassed when DC charging.

车载充电器用于在交流充电系统中将交流电转换为直流电,为车辆电池充电。在直流充电时,车载充电器被旁路。

### 4.1.24 车辆控制器

The vehicle controller monitors and controls critical safety systems and interactions with the charging station controller to control the charging process.

车辆控制器监测并控制关键安全系统,并与充电站控制器进行交互,以控制充电过程。

### 4.1.25 VPP

Voltage source used in conjunction with R1, R2, R3, R4 and S1 as part of the proximity pilot circuit to determine the connection status of vehicle connector.

电压源,与 R1、R2、R3、R4 和 S1 配合使用,作为接近引导电路的一部分,用于确定车辆连接器的连接状态。

### 4.1.26 R3 和 R4

Resistors used in conjunction with VPP, R1, R2, and S1 as part of the proximity pilot circuit to determine the connection status of vehicle connector.

电阻器,与 VPP、R1、R2 和 S1 配合使用,作为接近引导电路的一部分,用于确定车辆连接器的连接状态。

### 4.1.27 底盘

The chassis connection is used as a reference by the isolation monitor to measure isolation to vehicle chassis of VCHG, VFCLINK, and VBAT.

底盘连接被绝缘监测仪用作参考,以测量 VCHG、VFCLINK 和 VBAT 相对于车辆底盘的绝缘情况。

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