OpenCV学习之Hough变换检测直线

Hough变换

Hough变换是图像处理中从图像中识别几何形状的基本方法之一。Hough变换的基本原理在于利用点与线的对偶性，将原始图像空间的给定的曲线通过曲线表达形式变为参数空间的一个点。这样就把原始图像中给定曲线的检测问题转化为寻找参数空间中的峰值问题。

转换公式

p=x*cos(a)+y*sin(a)=Asin(a+b)

步骤

• Canny边缘检测
• Hough变换
• 画直线

//Hough变换检测直线
#include "cv.h"
#include "highgui.h"
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    IplImage* src = cvLoadImage("Lena.tif", 1);
    CvSize size = cvGetSize(src);
    IplImage* dst = cvCreateImage(size, 8, 1);
    IplImage* color_dst = cvCreateImage(size, 8, 3);
    CvMemStorage* storage = cvCreateMemStorage(0);
    CvSeq* lines = 0;
    int i;
    cvCanny(src, dst, 50, 200, 3);
    cvCvtColor(dst, color_dst,CV_GRAY2BGR);
    //==========if 0表示跳过该段执行else   if 1表示执行该段=======
#if 0
    //cvHoughLines2(image,storage,method,rho,theta,threshold,p1,p2,);
    //CV_HOUGH_STANDARD 传统标准的Hough变换
    //CV_HOUGH_PROBABILISTIC 概率Hough变换
    //CV_HOUGH_MULTI_SCALE 传统Hough变换的多尺度变种
    //rho 以像素为单位的距离精度
    //theta 以弧度为单位的角度精度
    //threshold 阈值参数
    //p1 传统为0，概率为最小线段长度，多尺度为rho的分母。大致的距离精度是rho,精确rho/p1
    //p2 传统为0，概率为两直线合并的最小距离，多尺度为角度精度theta的分母。大致theta,精确theta/p2
    lines = cvHoughLines2(dst, storage, CV_HOUGH_STANDARD, 1, CV_PI / 180, 150, 0, 0);
    for (i = 0; i < lines->total; i++) {
        float* line = (float*)cvGetSeqElem(lines, i);
        float rho = line[0];
        float theta = line[1];
        CvPoint pt1,pt2;
        double a = cos(theta), b = sin(theta);
        if (fabs(a) < 0.001) {
            pt1.x = pt2.x = cvRound(rho);
            pt1.y = 0;
            pt2.y = color_dst->width;
        }
        else if(fabs(b)<0.001){
            pt1.y = pt2.y = cvRound(rho);
            pt1.x = 0;
            pt2.x = color_dst->width;
        }
        else {
            pt1.x = 0;
            pt1.y = cvRound(rho / b);
            pt2.x = cvRound(rho / a);
            pt2.y = 0;
        }
        cvLine(color_dst, pt1, pt2, CV_RGB(255, 0, 0), 3, 8);
    }
#else
    lines = cvHoughLines2(dst, storage, CV_HOUGH_PROBABILISTIC, 1, CV_PI / 180, 80, 30, 10);
    for (i = 0; i < lines->total; i++) {
        CvPoint* line = (CvPoint*)cvGetSeqElem(lines, i);
        cvLine(color_dst, line[0], line[1], CV_RGB(255, 0, 0), 3, 8);
    }
#endif
    cvNamedWindow("Source", 1);
    cvShowImage("Source", src);

    cvNamedWindow("Hough", 1);
    cvShowImage("Hough", color_dst);
    cvWaitKey(0);
}