uboot启动第二阶段1

uboot启动第二阶段。在这个阶段中，uboot完成一些复杂的初始化，最终读取内核文件并启动内核。

主要流程：
1、为gd   gb全局变量分配空间，并初始化

2、初始化列表

3、

4、

一、gd   bd全局变量分配空间、初始化

	/* Pointer is writable since we allocated a register for it */
	gd = (gd_t*)(_armboot_start - CFG_MALLOC_LEN - sizeof(gd_t));
	/* compiler optimization barrier needed for GCC >= 3.4 */
	__asm__ __volatile__("": : :"memory");

	memset ((void*)gd, 0, sizeof (gd_t));
	gd->bd = (bd_t*)((char*)gd - sizeof(bd_t));
	memset (gd->bd, 0, sizeof (bd_t));

	monitor_flash_len = _bss_start - _armboot_start;

在内存的映射空间中保留了128B的字节给全局变量，gd     bd为全局变量数据，存放一些重要的数据。具体可以查找相关结构体。对分配的空间进行初始化，赋值0.

__asm__ __volatile__("": : :"memory");这一条指令告诉编译器，寄存器当前数值发生变化，存放的值无效。

monitor_flash_len存放代码大小

二、初始化列表

其中typedef int (init_fnc_t) (void);表示init_fnc_t 表示返回值为空、参数为空的函数指针。初始化列表对这种类型的函数进行初始化。

	init_fnc_t **init_fnc_ptr;
	for (init_fnc_ptr = init_sequence; *init_fnc_ptr; ++init_fnc_ptr) {
		if ((*init_fnc_ptr)() != 0) {
			hang ();
		}
	}

typedef int (init_fnc_t) (void);

init_fnc_t *init_sequence[] = {
	cpu_init,		/* basic cpu dependent setup */
	board_init,		/* basic board dependent setup */
	interrupt_init,		/* set up exceptions */
	env_init,		/* initialize environment */
	init_baudrate,		/* initialze baudrate settings */
	serial_init,		/* serial communications setup */
	console_init_f,		/* stage 1 init of console */
	display_banner,		/* say that we are here */
#if defined(CONFIG_DISPLAY_CPUINFO)
	print_cpuinfo,		/* display cpu info (and speed) */
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_DISPLAY_BOARDINFO)
	checkboard,		/* display board info */
#endif
	dram_init,		/* configure available RAM banks */
	display_dram_config,
	NULL,
};

1、int cpu_init (void)

在uboot的第一阶段已经对cpu进行初始化，这里只是一个空函数

int cpu_init (void)
{
	/*
	 * setup up stacks if necessary
	 */
#ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ
	IRQ_STACK_START = _armboot_start - CFG_MALLOC_LEN - CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE - 4;
	FIQ_STACK_START = IRQ_STACK_START - CONFIG_STACKSIZE_IRQ;
#endif
	return 0;
}

2、int board_init (void)

board初始化，主要完成GPIO初始化、时钟初始化、并对全局变量中gd中的启动参数与机器类型初始化、开启数据与代码cache。

int board_init (void)
{
    S3C24X0_CLOCK_POWER * const clk_power = S3C24X0_GetBase_CLOCK_POWER();
    S3C24X0_GPIO * const gpio = S3C24X0_GetBase_GPIO();

    /* set up the I/O ports */
    gpio->GPACON = 0x007FFFFF;
    gpio->GPBCON = 0x00044555;
    gpio->GPBUP = 0x000007FF;
    gpio->GPCCON = 0xAAAAAAAA;
    gpio->GPCUP = 0x0000FFFF;
    gpio->GPDCON = 0xAAAAAAAA;
    gpio->GPDUP = 0x0000FFFF;
    gpio->GPECON = 0xAAAAAAAA;
    gpio->GPEUP = 0x0000FFFF;
    gpio->GPFCON = 0x000055AA;
    gpio->GPFUP = 0x000000FF;
    gpio->GPGCON = 0xFF95FFBA;
    gpio->GPGUP = 0x0000FFFF;
    gpio->GPHCON = 0x002AFAAA;
    gpio->GPHUP = 0x000007FF;

    /* support both of S3C2410 and S3C2440, by www.100ask.net */
    if ((gpio->GSTATUS1 == 0x32410000) || (gpio->GSTATUS1 == 0x32410002))
    {
        /* FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:2:4 */
        clk_power->CLKDIVN = S3C2410_CLKDIV;

        /* change to asynchronous bus mod */
        __asm__(    "mrc    p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0\n"    /* read ctrl register   */  
                    "orr    r1, r1, #0xc0000000\n"      /* Asynchronous         */  
                    "mcr    p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0\n"    /* write ctrl register  */  
                    :::"r1"
                    );
        
        /* to reduce PLL lock time, adjust the LOCKTIME register */
        clk_power->LOCKTIME = 0xFFFFFF;

        /* configure MPLL */
        clk_power->MPLLCON = S3C2410_MPLL_200MHZ;

        /* some delay between MPLL and UPLL */
        delay (4000);

        /* configure UPLL */
        clk_power->UPLLCON = S3C2410_UPLL_48MHZ;

        /* some delay between MPLL and UPLL */
        delay (8000);
        
        /* arch number of SMDK2410-Board */
        gd->bd->bi_arch_number = MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410;
    }
    else
    {
        /* FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:4:8 */
        clk_power->CLKDIVN = S3C2440_CLKDIV;

        /* change to asynchronous bus mod */
        __asm__(    "mrc    p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0\n"    /* read ctrl register   */  
                    "orr    r1, r1, #0xc0000000\n"      /* Asynchronous         */  
                    "mcr    p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0\n"    /* write ctrl register  */  
                    :::"r1"
                    );

        /* to reduce PLL lock time, adjust the LOCKTIME register */
        clk_power->LOCKTIME = 0xFFFFFF;

        /* configure MPLL */
        clk_power->MPLLCON = S3C2440_MPLL_400MHZ;

        /* some delay between MPLL and UPLL */
        delay (4000);

        /* configure UPLL */
        clk_power->UPLLCON = S3C2440_UPLL_48MHZ;

        /* some delay between MPLL and UPLL */
        delay (8000);
        
        /* arch number of SMDK2440-Board */
        gd->bd->bi_arch_number = MACH_TYPE_S3C2440;
    }

    /* adress of boot parameters */
    gd->bd->bi_boot_params = 0x30000100;

    icache_enable();
    dcache_enable();

    return 0;
}

3、中断初始化，其实没有采用中断。让定时器采用10ms循环计数的方法，对时间进行标记。代码如下，实现过程可以参考datasheet。

int interrupt_init (void)
{
	S3C24X0_TIMERS * const timers = S3C24X0_GetBase_TIMERS();

	/* use PWM Timer 4 because it has no output */
	/* prescaler for Timer 4 is 16 */
	timers->TCFG0 = 0x0f00;
	if (timer_load_val == 0)
	{
		/*
		 * for 10 ms clock period @ PCLK with 4 bit divider = 1/2
		 * (default) and prescaler = 16. Should be 10390
		 * @33.25MHz and 15625 @ 50 MHz
		 */
		timer_load_val = get_PCLK()/(2 * 16 * 100);
	}
	/* load value for 10 ms timeout */
	lastdec = timers->TCNTB4 = timer_load_val;
	/* auto load, manual update of Timer 4 */
	timers->TCON = (timers->TCON & ~0x0700000) | 0x600000;
	/* auto load, start Timer 4 */
	timers->TCON = (timers->TCON & ~0x0700000) | 0x500000;
	timestamp = 0;

	return (0);
}

4、环境变量初始化

在环境变量的文章中有介绍，让gd的环境地址指向有效的环境地址。

int  env_init(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_OMAP2420H4
	int flash_probe(void);

	if(flash_probe() == 0)
		goto bad_flash;
#endif
	if (crc32(0, env_ptr->data, ENV_SIZE) == env_ptr->crc) {
		gd->env_addr  = (ulong)&(env_ptr->data);
		gd->env_valid = 1;
		return(0);
	}
#ifdef CONFIG_OMAP2420H4
bad_flash:
#endif
	gd->env_addr  = (ulong)&default_environment[0];
	gd->env_valid = 0;
	return (0);
}

#ifdef CMD_SAVEENV

5、波特率初始化，就是查找波特率的值

如果环境变量中的参数没有波特率参数，采用程序的默认值

static int init_baudrate (void)
{
	char tmp[64];	/* long enough for environment variables */
	int i = getenv_r ("baudrate", tmp, sizeof (tmp));
	gd->bd->bi_baudrate = gd->baudrate = (i > 0)
			? (int) simple_strtoul (tmp, NULL, 10)
			: CONFIG_BAUDRATE;

	return (0);
}

6串口初始化，串口初始化调用系统的时钟与波特率完成串口的初始化。

在完成串口初始化后，可以调用putc  puts getc等相关函数进行输入输出

int serial_init (void)
{
	serial_setbrg ();

	return (0);
}

void serial_setbrg (void)
{
	S3C24X0_UART * const uart = S3C24X0_GetBase_UART(UART_NR);
	int i;
	unsigned int reg = 0;


	/* value is calculated so : (int)(PCLK/16./baudrate) -1 */
	reg = get_PCLK() / (16 * gd->baudrate) - 1;


	/* FIFO enable, Tx/Rx FIFO clear */
	uart->UFCON = 0x07;
	uart->UMCON = 0x0;
	/* Normal,No parity,1 stop,8 bit */
	uart->ULCON = 0x3;
	/*
	 * tx=level,rx=edge,disable timeout int.,enable rx error int.,
	 * normal,interrupt or polling
	 */
	uart->UCON = 0x245;
	uart->UBRDIV = reg;


#ifdef CONFIG_HWFLOW
	uart->UMCON = 0x1; /* RTS up */
#endif
	for (i = 0; i < 100; i++);
}

7控制台初始化（第一阶段），设置控制台的标志位

int console_init_f (void)
{
	gd->have_console = 1;

#ifdef CONFIG_SILENT_CONSOLE
	if (getenv("silent") != NULL)
		gd->flags |= GD_FLG_SILENT;
#endif

	return (0);
}

8、 display_banner函数显示uboot的版本信息，在make文件中自动调用编译时间，好方便不用设置

9、 dram_init, display_dram_config。dram初始化，其实已经在uboot的第一阶段进行初始化了。在这里对bd变量中内存存储容量与存储地址进行初始化。显示出来。