浮点数在计算机中的表示和存储

 

Floating Point Representation | Digital Logic

1. To convert the floating point into decimal, we have 3 elements in a 32-bit floating point representation:
    i) Sign
    ii) Exponent
    iii) Mantissa

• Sign bit is the first bit of the binary representation. '1' implies negative number and '0' implies positive number.
  Example: 11000001110100000000000000000000 This is negative number.
• Exponent is decided by the next 8 bits of binary representation. 127 is the unique number for 32 bit floating point representation. It is known as bias. It is determined by 2k-1 -1 where 'k' is the number of bits in exponent field.

  There are 3 exponent bits in 8-bit representation and 8 exponent bits in 32-bit representation.
  Thus
  bias = 3 for 8 bit conversion (23-1 -1 = 4-1 = 3)
  bias = 127 for 32 bit conversion. (28-1 -1 = 128-1 = 127)

  Example: 01000001110100000000000000000000
  10000011 = (131)2
  131-127 = 4

  Hence the exponent of 2 will be 4 i.e. 24 = 16.

• Mantissa is calculated from the remaining 23 bits of the binary representation. It consists of '1' and a fractional part which is determined by:

  Example:

  01000001110100000000000000000000

  The fractional part of mantissa is given by:

  1*(1/2) + 0*(1/4) + 1*(1/8) + 0*(1/16) +……… = 0.625

  Thus the mantissa will be 1 + 0.625 = 1.625

  The decimal number hence given as: Sign*Exponent*Mantissa = (-1)*(16)*(1.625) = -26

2. To convert the decimal into floating point, we have 3 elements in a 32-bit floating point representation:
    i) Sign (MSB)
    ii) Exponent (8 bits after MSB)
    iii) Mantissa (Remaining 23 bits)

Thus the floating point representation of -17 is 1 10000011 00010000000000000000000

• Sign bit is the first bit of the binary representation. '1' implies negative number and '0' implies positive number.
  Example: To convert -17 into 32-bit floating point representation Sign bit = 1
• Exponent is decided by the nearest smaller or equal to 2n number. For 17, 16 is the nearest 2n. Hence the exponent of 2 will be 4 since 24 = 16. 127 is the unique number for 32 bit floating point representation. It is known as bias. It is determined by 2k-1 -1 where 'k' is the number of bits in exponent field.

  Thus bias = 127 for 32 bit. (28-1 -1 = 128-1 = 127)

  Now, 127 + 4 = 131 i.e. 10000011 in binary representation.

• Mantissa: 17 in binary = 10001.

  Move the binary point so that there is only one bit from the left. Adjust the exponent of 2 so that the value does not change. This is normalizing the number. 1.0001 x 24. Now, consider the fractional part and represented as 23 bits by adding zeros.

  00010000000000000000000

Related Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03fhijH6e2w
More questions on number representation:
http://quiz.geeksforgeeks.org/number-representation/

This article is contributed by Kriti Kushwaha

 

 

 

Floating point representation - IEEE 754

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hoEP6Qk9kfU

 

 

Floating Point Basics

https://chi_gitbook.gitbooks.io/personal-note/content/floating_point_basic.html

 

浮点数在计算机中是如何存储的?

float和double的存储范围和，精度，存储的问题

https://leokongwq.github.io/2017/08/19/computer-how-float-stored.html

 

基础野：细说浮点数

https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/32191#

 

整数和浮点数的在计算机中的表示以及运算

https://www.zybuluo.com/XingdingCAO/note/787884

 

IEEE 754——计算机中浮点数的表示方法

https://blog.csdn.net/lanchunhui/article/details/50662458