Classification : Random Forests

Random Forests

参考:http://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~breiman/RandomForests/cc_home.htm

本文主要简单的介绍随机森林的算法

假设用户知道了单个决策树的结构,随机森林包含了多了这样的决策树。当需要预测一个新的样本的时候,采用"少数服从多数"的策略确定样本的类别。

Steps:

(1) n次随机的可重复采集N个样本,作为构造n棵树的训练样本。

(2) 设定输入变量得个数m<<M,  m的值一般为常量。

(3) 对每次抽样的训练集合构造一个决策树,无需剪枝。

(4) 最后用生成的每一棵决策树对样本进行分类,投票选出得票最高的类别作为样本的分类结果。

 

性能:

随机森林中任意两棵树的相关程度越高,预测结果越差。

森林中每棵独立的树的分类能力越强,随机森林的分类结果越好。

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Random forests are an ensemble learning method in machine learning that combine multiple decision trees to make more accurate predictions. In the case of Python, you can use the scikit-learn library to implement random forests. Here's an example of how to use random forests in Python: 1. First, you need to install the scikit-learn library if you haven't already. You can do this by running the following command: ``` pip install scikit-learn ``` 2. Once you have scikit-learn installed, you can import the necessary classes and functions: ```python from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score ``` 3. Next, you need to prepare your data. Random forests can be used for both classification and regression tasks. For classification, you'll need a set of labeled data, where each data point has a set of features and a corresponding class label. 4. Split your dataset into training and testing sets using the `train_test_split` function: ```python X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(features, labels, test_size=0.2) ``` 5. Create an instance of the `RandomForestClassifier` class and fit it to your training data: ```python clf = RandomForestClassifier() clf.fit(X_train, y_train) ``` 6. Once the model is trained, you can use it to make predictions on new data: ```python y_pred = clf.predict(X_test) ``` 7. Finally, evaluate the accuracy of your model by comparing the predicted labels with the actual labels: ```python accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred) ``` That's a basic overview of using random forests in Python with scikit-learn. Remember to adjust the parameters of the RandomForestClassifier class, such as the number of trees, to optimize the performance of your model.

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