opencv拟合高维曲线

代码来自 https://blog.csdn.net/guduruyu/article/details/72866144，略有修改

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>

#define ORDER 4

bool polynomial_curve_fit(std::vector<cv::Point>& key_point, int n, cv::Mat& A)
{
	//Number of key points
	int N = key_point.size();
 
	//构造矩阵X
	cv::Mat X = cv::Mat::zeros(n + 1, n + 1, CV_64FC1);
	for (int i = 0; i < n + 1; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < n + 1; j++)
		{
			for (int k = 0; k < N; k++)
			{
				X.at<double>(i, j) = X.at<double>(i, j) +
					std::pow(key_point[k].x, i + j);
			}
		}
	}
 
	//构造矩阵Y
	cv::Mat Y = cv::Mat::zeros(n + 1, 1, CV_64FC1);
	for (int i = 0; i < n + 1; i++)
	{
		for (int k = 0; k < N; k++)
		{
			Y.at<double>(i, 0) = Y.at<double>(i, 0) +
				std::pow(key_point[k].x, i) * key_point[k].y;
		}
	}
 
	A = cv::Mat::zeros(n + 1, 1, CV_64FC1);
	//求解矩阵A
	cv::solve(X, Y, A, cv::DECOMP_LU);
	return true;
}

int main()
{
	//创建用于绘制的深蓝色背景图像
	cv::Mat image = cv::Mat::zeros(480, 640, CV_8UC3);
	image.setTo(cv::Scalar(100, 0, 0));
 
	//输入拟合点  
	std::vector<cv::Point> points;
	points.push_back(cv::Point(100., 58.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(150., 70.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(200., 90.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(252., 140.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(300., 220.));
	points.push_back(cv::Point(350., 400.));
 
	//将拟合点绘制到空白图上  
	for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); i++)
	{
		cv::circle(image, points[i], 5, cv::Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8, 0);
	}
 
	//绘制折线
	cv::polylines(image, points, false, cv::Scalar(0, 255, 0), 1, 8, 0);
 
	cv::Mat A;
 
	polynomial_curve_fit(points, ORDER, A);
	std::cout << "A = " << A << std::endl;
 
	std::vector<cv::Point> points_fitted;
 
	for (int x = 0; x < 400; x++)
	{
		double y = A.at<double>(0, 0);
		for(int i = 0; i < ORDER; i++){
			y += A.at<double>(i + 1, 0) *std::pow(x, i + 1);
		}
 
		points_fitted.push_back(cv::Point(x, y));
	}
	cv::polylines(image, points_fitted, false, cv::Scalar(0, 255, 255), 1, 8, 0);
	cv::imwrite("result.jpg", image);
 
	cv::imshow("image", image);
 
	cv::waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

上面代码中，如果ORDER为1，就是线性变换，

拟合结果为(黄色为拟合曲线)

如果ORDER为2，就是二维曲线，拟合结果为：

如果ORDER为3，就是三维曲线，拟合结果为：

如果ORDER为4，就是三维曲线，拟合结果为：