如何移除电路板上的元器件？

卓晴

已于 2022-10-31 11:26:41 修改

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分类专栏：教学-交流-科普科学-技术-探究文章标签： PCB 焊接电路板

于 2022-10-30 16:46:31 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zhuoqingjoking97298/article/details/127600478

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How To Remove Electronic Components || Soldering Tutorial

01 移除器件

一、背景介绍

焊接电路板是电子工程师的基本功，将元器件从电路板上移除是电路调试过程中的基本功。今天看到一个视频短片，作者详细介绍了对于这种密集电路板上各种元器件焊下来的技巧。下面让我们一起来听听他的经验吧。

-4-

二、具体操作

最简单的移除器件，就是这种表贴电阻、电容器件。比如这里的C32电容。只要简单利用烙铁在电容两端补锡加热，便可以轻松将电容取下。取下之后然后利用吸锡铜丝网清理焊盘，在利用粘有清洗剂棉花球擦洗焊盘表面，为下一次焊接做准备。

-4-

利用这种方式对于小于1206封装的电阻电容非常有效。但对于体积超过1206的器件，特别是电容器件，这种方法往往比较困难。比如这里的胆电容，体积比较大。如果使用热风枪对它进行拆卸，热量有可能使其损坏。这里采用的方法就是在电容两端补锡之后，再使用两个尖头烙铁同时加热将其取下。后面清理焊盘工作都是一样的。

-4-

对于SOP封装的小型芯片，则需要使用热风枪来进行拆焊。比如这里SOP8封装的芯片，先在其管脚涂抹助焊剂，然后在使用热风枪进行加热，直到可以使用尖头镊子将芯片取下。后面使用吸锡铜网或者多股铜丝对焊盘进行清理。

-3-

对于这种SOP8封装的芯片，也可以采用双烙铁方式将其拆焊。先给芯片涂抹助焊剂，然后在其管脚补锡，之后在利用双烙铁将其加热取下。焊盘上还残留了较多的焊锡。然后在利用吸锡铜网清理焊盘，并使用洗板水进行擦洗干净。

-4-

对于这种表贴的铝电解电容，使用热风枪拆卸很容易将其损坏，塑料底座也会融化。利用双烙铁方法还是比较容易将其取下。只是它的焊盘连接较粗的引线，散热较快，所以需要较长的时间加热，加热之后，在对焊盘进行清理。

-3-

除了热风枪、双烙铁方法之外，还可以使用钳子移除这种表贴电解电容。感觉就像拔牙一样。之后在对焊盘进行清理。当然这种蛮力拆焊器件方法有一定的危险，有可能损坏焊盘。所以最安全还是利用双烙铁方法进行拆焊。双烙铁适用于双管脚器件和SOP8封装器件。但对于芯片下面有散热焊盘的芯片不适用，只能使用热风枪。

-7-

拆除器件时，有时需要注意别伤及无辜。比如需要移除的排阻旁边，有一个塑料插座。如果使用热风枪进行移除时，需要考虑对它的保护。一种方法就是利用铝箔纸粘贴在插座旁边，这样就可以放心大胆利用热风枪移除排阻了。作为对比，可以看到热风枪很容易损坏塑料插座，这是被热风枪损坏的情况。

-7-

※ 总结 ※

本文给出了在拆焊电路板元器件的过程中，需要注意的地方。俗话说，胆大心细，多琢磨，任何技巧都有使用的场合。掌握好热风枪、烙铁、助焊剂的品性，面对在复杂的情形都能够游刃有余。最后别忘了对拆焊后的焊盘进行清理，修旧如旧。

-4-

拆焊专家

#!/usr/local/bin/python
# -*- coding: gbk -*-
#============================================================
# GIF2MPG.PY                     -- by Dr. ZhuoQing 2020-02-21
#
#   gif2mpg *                       # Change gif to microvideo and put image on CSDN
#   gif2mpg +                       # Change video and put file name on CSDN
#   gif2mpg .                       # Move d:\temp\1.avi to MicroVideo
#   gif2mpg /                       # Change gif to microvideo and generate hide
#                                   # move 1.wav, 1.mp3 to MicroVideo
#   gif2mpg 150|*                   # Insert multiple picture into CSDN
#   gif2mpg @,R                     # Resize select image into view size
#   gif2mpg |,P                     # Paste select image into view size
#   gif2mpg xxx c,C,\               # Copy the mpeg GIF to temp\GIF
#   gif2mpg \                       # Copy mpeg to MicroVideo and Snag GIF
#   gif2mpg \.                      # Copy mpeg to MicroVideo and Snag GIF, keep last Picture
#   gif2mpg \..                     # Copy mpeg to MicroVideo and Snag GIF, keep last Picture, Snag last GIF
#   gif2mpg \...                    # Copy mpeg to MicroVideo, SnagGIF, SnagFirst and last Picture.
#
#
# Note:
#============================================================
from head import *
import shutil
import cv2
import numpy as np
import glob
from io import BytesIO
import win32clipboard
from PIL import Image
#------------------------------------------------------------
csdn_title = '写文章-CSDN博客'
#------------------------------------------------------------
microvideo_dir = r'd:\Nutdisk\MicroVideo'
microvideo_mooc = r'd:\MooC\MicroVideo'
microvideo_flag = 0
numstr = 'GM%d'%(int(time.time()))
#------------------------------------------------------------
def send_to_clipboard(clip_type, data):
    win32clipboard.OpenClipboard()
    win32clipboard.EmptyClipboard()
    win32clipboard.SetClipboardData(clip_type, data)
    win32clipboard.CloseClipboard()
#------------------------------------------------------------
tspdropfile2pastetext()
strall = clipboard.paste().split()
AUDACITY_TITLE = 'Audacity'
audacityflag = 0
microvideo_flag = 0
#------------------------------------------------------------
def AudacitySave(fname):
    tspsendwindowkey(AUDACITY_TITLE, "fe", alt=1, noreturn=1)
    time.sleep(1)
    rect = tspgetwindowrect("导出音频")
    if sum(rect) == 0:
        printf("ERROR: Can not open the save dialog.\a")
        exit()
    clipboard.copy(fname)
    tspsendwindowkey("导出音频", "t", alt=1,noreturn=1)
    tspsendwindowkey("导出音频", "cm", noreturn=1)
    tspsendwindowkey("导出音频", "n", alt=1, noreturn=1)
    tspsendwindowkey("导出音频", "v", control=1, noreturn=1)
    tspsendwindowkey("导出音频", "s", alt=1, noreturn=1)
    time.sleep(1)
    rect = tspgetwindowrect("警告")
    printf(rect)
    if sum(rect) != 0:
        printf("DEBUG")
        time.sleep(.5)
        tspsendwindowkey("警告", "y", alt=1, noreturn=1)
        time.sleep(.5)
    rect = tspgetwindowrect("编辑元信息")
    if sum(rect) == 0:
        printf("ERROR: Can not open the edit dialog.\a")
    tspsendwindowkey("编辑元信息", "\r", noreturn=1)
    time.sleep(1.5)
    tspsendwindowkey(AUDACITY_TITLE, "tv", alt=1, noreturn=1)
#------------------------------------------------------------
def imagepastesize(fname, width, height, topdown=0):
    if not os.path.isfile(fname):
        return 1
    im = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255,255,255))
    imshow = Image.open(fname)
    imwidth,imheight = imshow.size
    offset = ((width-imwidth)//2, (height-imheight)//((topdown+1)*2))
    im.paste(imshow, offset)
#    im.save(r'd:\temp\%s'%os.path.basename(fname))
    im.save(fname)
#------------------------------------------------------------
def imageresize(fname, width, height):
    if not os.path.isfile(fname):
        return 1
    im = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255,255,255))
    imshow = Image.open(fname)
    imwidth,imheight = imshow.size
    resizewidth = width
    resizeheight = height
    if imwidth*height > imheight*width:
        resizeheight = imheight*width//imwidth
    else:
        resizewidth = imwidth*height//imheight
    imshow = imshow.resize((resizewidth, resizeheight))
    offset = ((width-resizewidth)//2, (height-resizeheight)//2)
    im.paste(imshow, offset)
#    im.save(r'd:\temp\%s'%os.path.basename(fname))
    im.save(fname)
#------------------------------------------------------------
def getgifpic():
    rect = tspgetviewdcrange()
    iddim = tspgetdopidall()
    tempdim = []
    for id in iddim:
        infor = tspgetinfor(id)
#        printf(id, infor)
        if not 'type' in infor.keys():
            continue
        type = infor['type']
        if type == 11:
            ratio = infor['ratio']
            range1 = infor['range']
            width = int((range1[2]-range1[0])/ratio[0])
            height = int((range1[3]-range1[1])/ratio[1])
            if abs(width - rect[4]) < 10 and abs(height - rect[5]) < 10:
                if ratio[0] < 0.3 and ratio[1] < 0.3:
                    tempdim.append(id)
    return tempdim
#------------------------------------------------------------
def changeimgrect(fname):
    rect = tspgetviewdcrange()
    img = Image.open(fname)
    rectwidth = rect[4]
    rectheight = rect[5]
    rectwidth = (rectwidth + 5) // 10 * 10
    rectheight = (rectheight + 5) // 10 * 10
    img = img.resize((rectwidth, rectheight))
    img.save(fname)
#------------------------------------------------------------
printf(sys.argv)
if len(sys.argv) == 3 or len(sys.argv) == 2:
    viewsize = tspgetviewsize()
    selid = tspgetselectid()
    if sys.argv[-1] == '@' or sys.argv[-1] == 'r' or sys.argv[-1] == 'R':
        for id in selid:
            filename = tspgetdopfile(id)
            imageresize(filename, viewsize[0], viewsize[1])
        tsprefreshimagebuffer()
        printf('\a')
        tsprv()
        exit()
    elif sys.argv[-1] == '#' or sys.argv[-1] == 'p' or sys.argv[-1] == 'P' or sys.argv[-1] == '|':
        for id in selid:
            filename = tspgetdopfile(id)
            imagepastesize(filename, viewsize[0], viewsize[1], 1)
        tsprefreshimagebuffer()
        tsprv()
        printf('\a')
        exit()
#------------------------------------------------------------
tsprefreshimagebuffer()
addhidegifpage = 0
keeplastpage = 0
if sys.argv[-1] == '\\' or sys.argv[-1] == '、':
    addhidegifpage = 1
    microvideo_flag = 1
    sys.argv = sys.argv[:-1]
elif sys.argv[-1] == '\\\\' or sys.argv[-1] == '、、':
    addhidegifpage = 1
    audacityflag = 1
    microvideo_flag = 1
    sys.argv = sys.argv[:-1]
elif sys.argv[-1][-1] == '\\' or sys.argv[-1][-1] == '、':
    sys.argv[-1] = sys.argv[-1][:-1]
    audacityflag = 1
    microvideo_flag = 1
elif sys.argv[-1] == '\\.' or sys.argv[-1] == '、。':
    addhidegifpage = 1
    microvideo_flag = 1
    sys.argv = sys.argv[:-1]
    keeplastpage = 1
elif sys.argv[-1] == '\\\\.' or sys.argv[-1] == '、、。':
    addhidegifpage = 1
    audacityflag = 1
    microvideo_flag = 1
    keeplastpage = 1
    sys.argv = sys.argv[:-1]
elif sys.argv[-1] == '\\..' or sys.argv[-1] == '、。。':
    addhidegifpage = 1
    microvideo_flag = 1
    sys.argv = sys.argv[:-1]
    keeplastpage = 2
elif sys.argv[-1] == '\\\\..' or sys.argv[-1] == '、、。。':
    addhidegifpage = 1
    audacityflag = 1
    microvideo_flag = 1
    keeplastpage = 2
    sys.argv = sys.argv[:-1]
elif sys.argv[-1] == '\\...' or sys.argv[-1] == '、。。。':
    addhidegifpage = 1
    microvideo_flag = 1
    sys.argv = sys.argv[:-1]
    keeplastpage = 3
elif sys.argv[-1] == '\\\\...' or sys.argv[-1] == '、、。。。':
    addhidegifpage = 1
    audacityflag = 1
    microvideo_flag = 1
    keeplastpage = 3
    sys.argv = sys.argv[:-1]
#------------------------------------------------------------
hideiddim = tspgethideid()
rect = tspgetviewdcrange()
tempdim = []
for id in hideiddim:
    infor = tspgetinfor(id)
    type = infor['type']
    if type == 11:
        ratio = infor['ratio']
        range1 = infor['range']
        width = int((range1[2]-range1[0])/ratio[0])
        height = int((range1[3]-range1[1])/ratio[1])
        if abs(width - rect[4]) < 10 and abs(height - rect[5]) < 10:
            tempdim.append(id)
hideiddim = tempdim
headpageid = 0
if len(hideiddim) == 0:
    hideiddim = getgifpic()
elif len(hideiddim) == 1:
    headpageid = hideiddim[0]
    hideiddim = getgifpic()
    if headpageid in hideiddim:
        headpageid = hideiddim.index(headpageid)
    else: headpageid = 0
#------------------------------------------------------------
leftwidth = 0
leftstring = ''
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    idid = len(sys.argv) - 1
    id = sys.argv[idid].find('|')
    if id > 0:
        if sys.argv[idid][:id].isdigit():
            leftwidth = int(sys.argv[idid][:id])
            leftstring = sys.argv[idid][id+1:]
    elif sys.argv[idid] == 'ii' or sys.argv[idid] == 'i':
        leftwidth = 160
        leftstring = sys.argv[idid][id+1:].replace('》', '>')
cid = leftstring.find('C')
if cid < 0: cid = leftstring.find('c')
if cid >= 0:
    if leftstring[cid+1:].replace('-','').isdigit():
        headpageid = int(leftstring[cid+1:])
        leftstring = leftstring[:cid+1]
printf(leftstring, headpageid)
#------------------------------------------------------------
if leftstring.find('p') >= 0 or leftstring.find('P') >= 0 or leftstring.find('|') > 0 or\
   leftstring.find('#') >= 0 or leftstring.find('c') >= 0 or leftstring.find('C') >= 0:
    viewsize = tspgetviewsize()
    selid = tspgetselectid()
    flag = 0
    if len(selid) == 0 and len(hideiddim) > 0:
        selid = hideiddim
    for id in selid:
        filename = tspgetdopfile(id)
        if isgifname(filename) == 0:
            flag = 1
            break
        imagepastesize(filename, viewsize[0], viewsize[1], 1)
    leftstring = leftstring.replace('p','').replace('P','').replace('|','').replace('#','')
    if flag == 0 and len(selid) > 0:
        leftstring = leftstring + '_-%d'%len(selid)
if leftstring.find('R') >= 0 or leftstring.find('r') >= 0 or leftstring.find('\\') >= 0:
    viewsize = tspgetviewsize()
    selid = tspgetselectid()
    if len(selid) == 0 and len(hideiddim) > 0:
        selid = hideiddim
    flag = 0
    for id in selid:
        filename = tspgetdopfile(id)
        if isgifname(filename) == 0:
            flag = 1
            break
        imageresize(filename, viewsize[0], viewsize[1])
    leftstring = leftstring.replace('*', '').replace('r','').replace('R','').replace('\\','')
    if flag == 0 and len(selid) > 0:
        leftstring = leftstring + '_-%d'%len(selid)
#------------------------------------------------------------
for s in sys.argv[1:]:
    filename = os.path.join(microvideo_dir, s+".MPG")
    if os.path.isfile(filename): strall.append(filename)
    filename = os.path.join(microvideo_dir, s+".AVI")
    if os.path.isfile(filename): strall.append(filename)
    filename = os.path.join(microvideo_mooc, s+".MPG")
    if os.path.isfile(filename): strall.append(filename)
    filename = os.path.join(microvideo_mooc, s+".AVI")
    if os.path.isfile(filename): strall.append(filename)
#------------------------------------------------------------
def avi2csdn(filename, newfile):
    #--------------------------------------------------------
    cam = cv2.VideoCapture(filename)
    ret, frame = cam.read()
    cv2.imwrite(r'd:\temp\1.bmp', frame)
    for _ in range(20):
        time.sleep(.25)
        printf('\a')
        if os.path.isfile(r'd:\temp\1.bmp'):
            break
    image = Image.open(r'd:\temp\1.bmp')
    output = BytesIO()
    image.convert('RGB').save(output, 'BMP')
    data = output.getvalue()[14:]
    output.close()
    send_to_clipboard(win32clipboard.CF_DIB, data)
    tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, 'v', control=1)
    cam.release()
    for i in range(40):
        time.sleep(.5)
        readdata = tspread()
        if readdata[2] == 1: break
        if readdata[7] != 0: break
        if readdata[8] != 0: exit()
        if readdata[9] != 0: exit()
        tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, 'c', control=1, noreturn=1)
        if clipboard.paste().find('在这里插入图片描述') >= 0:
            tspbeep(1500, 200)
            time.sleep(.25)
            break
        printf('\a')
    for i in range(20):
        readdata = tspread()
        if readdata[7] == 0 and readdata[8] == 0 and readdata[9] == 0: break
        tspbeep(2500, 15)
        time.sleep(.25)
    tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, 'ac', control=1, noreturn=1)
    pastestr = clipboard.paste().split('![在这里插入图片描述](')
    if len(pastestr) < 2:
        printf("Can not find the ![Insert picture] discriptor !\a")
        exit()
    tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, 'z', control=1)
    pastestr = pastestr[1].split(')')[0]
    pastestr = pastestr.split('?')[0]
    insertstr = '![%s](%s#pic_center =%dx)'%(newfile, pastestr, picwidth)
    if leftwidth > 0:
#        insertstr = '![%s|%s](%s#pic_left =%dx) '%(newfile, leftstring, pastestr, leftwidth)
        if leftstring.find('c') < 0 and leftstring.find('C') < 0:
            insertstr = '![%s|%s](%s#pic_left =%dx) '%(filename, leftstring, pastestr, leftwidth)
        else:
            leftstring = leftstring.replace('c', '').replace('C', '')
            insertstr = '![%s|%s](%s#pic_center =%dx)\n\n'%(filename, leftstring, pastestr, leftwidth)
    clipboard.copy(insertstr)
    tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, "v", control=1, noreturn=1)
    os.remove(r'd:\temp\1.bmp')
#------------------------------------------------------------
img_array = []
size = (100, 100)
mpegfile = []
avimove_flag = 0
copy_flag = 0                       # Save picture to temp\gif
#------------------------------------------------------------
picwidth = 350
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
    if sys.argv[1] == '**':
        microvideo_flag = 1
    if sys.argv[1] == '*':
        microvideo_flag = 1
        picwidth = 160
        if len(sys.argv) > 2:
            if sys.argv[2].isdigit():
                picwidth = int(sys.argv[2])
    argstr = ''.join(sys.argv[1:])
    if sys.argv[1] == '+' or argstr[:2] == '*+':
        microvideo_flag = 2
    if sys.argv[1] == '.' or argstr[:2] == '*.' or argstr[:2] == '*。':
        avimove_flag = 1
        microvideo_flag = 0
        if sys.argv[-1].isdigit():
            picwidth = int(sys.argv[-1])
if len(sys.argv) > 2:
    if sys.argv[2] == '\\' or sys.argv[2] == 'C' or sys.argv[2] == 'c':
        copy_flag = 1
#printf(sys.argv, avimove_flag)
#exit()
#------------------------------------------------------------
for f in strall:
    if os.path.isfile(f):
        microvideo_flag = 1
        picwidth = 160
        break
printf(microvideo_flag)
#------------------------------------------------------------
if microvideo_flag > 0:
    clipboard.copy("")
    gifiddim = tspgetgifid()
    seliddim = tspgetselectid()
    pictureflag = 0
    if len(gifiddim) == 0:
        if len(seliddim) > 0:
            gifiddim = seliddim
            pictureflag = 1
        if len(gifiddim) == 0:
            seliddim = hideiddim
            gifiddim = hideiddim
            pictureflag = 1
    if len(gifiddim) == 0:
        filecount = 0
        for s in strall:
            if os.path.isfile(s):
                filecount += 1
        if filecount == 0:
            printf('DOP has not GIF DOP .\a')
            exit()
        for s in strall:
            if os.path.isfile(s):
                ext = s.split('.')[-1].upper()
                if ext == 'MPG' or ext == 'AVI' or ext == 'MP4':
                    avi2csdn(s, os.path.basename(s))
        exit()
    #------------------------------------------------------------
    outfile = numstr
    frameps = 20
    pagedim = []
    #------------------------------------------------------------
    if keeplastpage > 0 or audacityflag > 0:
        headbytes = b'\x55\xaa\x60\x06'
        databytes = int2short(-50)
        gifname = tspgetdopfile(gifiddim[0])
        tspimagesetstring(gifname, headbytes+databytes)
    #--------------------------------------------------------
    lastfilename = ''
    firstfilename = ''
    for gifid in gifiddim:
        if pictureflag > 0:
            filename = tspgetdopfile(gifid)
            lastfilename = filename
            if len(firstfilename) == 0:
                firstfilename = filename
            img = cv2.imread(filename)
            mpegfile.append(filename)
            height,width,layers=img.shape
            size = (width, height)
            img_array.append(img)
            continue
        filedir = tspgetdoppath(gifid)
        gifpage = tspgetgifpage(gifid)
        filename = tspgetdopfile(gifid)
        nameonly, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
        pagedim.append(gifpage)
        for i in range(gifpage):
            filename = os.path.join(filedir, '%04d%s'%(i, ext))
            lastfilename = filename
            if len(firstfilename) == 0: firstfilename = filename
            img = cv2.imread(filename)
            mpegfile.append(filename)
            height,width,layers=img.shape
            size = (width, height)
            img_array.append(img)
    #--------------------------------------------------------
    filename = '%s_%d_%d.MPG'%(outfile, width, height)
    gifdir = '%s_%d_%d'%(outfile, width, height)
    outfilename = os.path.join(microvideo_dir, filename)
    out = cv2.VideoWriter(outfilename, cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'MPEG'), frameps, size, True)
    for id,img in enumerate(img_array):
        out.write(img)
        tspshowinfor('%d '%id)
    out.release()
    #--------------------------------------------------------
    keeplastfilename = ''
    if keeplastpage > 0:
        if os.path.isfile(lastfilename):
            numstr = int(time.time())
            keeplastfilename = r'd:\temp\BM%d.%s'%(numstr, lastfilename.split('.')[-1])
            shutil.copyfile(lastfilename, keeplastfilename)
    #--------------------------------------------------------
    if keeplastpage == 3:
        if os.path.isfile(firstfilename):
            changeimgrect(firstfilename)
            image = Image.open(firstfilename)
            output = BytesIO()
            image.convert('RGB').save(output, 'BMP')
            data = output.getvalue()[14:]
            output.close()
            send_to_clipboard(win32clipboard.CF_DIB, data)
            fname = os.path.basename(firstfilename)
            tspimagesetstring(0, fname)
            time.sleep(.2)
            clipboard.copy("")
    #--------------------------------------------------------
    if addhidegifpage > 0:
        #----------------------------------------------------
        fname = os.path.basename(outfilename)
        #----------------------------------------------------
        if os.path.isfile(firstfilename):
            changeimgrect(firstfilename)
            image = Image.open(firstfilename)
            output = BytesIO()
            image.convert('RGB').save(output, 'BMP')
            data = output.getvalue()[14:]
            output.close()
            send_to_clipboard(win32clipboard.CF_DIB, data)
            tspimagesetstring(0, fname)
            time.sleep(.2)
            clipboard.copy("")
            printf(fname)
        else:
            id = int(tspimagesetstring(0, fname))
            gifname = tspgetdopfile(id)
            tspimagesetstring(gifname, fname)
        #----------------------------------------------------
        if not os.path.isdir(r'd:\temp'):
            os.mkdir(r'd:\temp')
        if not os.path.isdir(r'd:\temp\GIF'):
            os.mkdir(r'd:\temp\GIF')
        gifcopydir = fname.split('.')[0]
        outgifdir = r'd:\temp\GIF\%s'%gifcopydir
        if not os.path.isdir(outgifdir):
            os.mkdir(outgifdir)
        for id,fn in enumerate(mpegfile):
            extstr = fn.split('.')[-1]
            outfile = os.path.join(outgifdir, '%04d.%s'%(id, extstr))
            shutil.move(fn, outfile)
        #----------------------------------------------------
        printf('\a')
        tspdeletedop(gifiddim)
        tsprv(-1)
        #----------------------------------------------------
        if audacityflag != 0:
            rect = tspgetwindowrect(AUDACITY_TITLE)
            if sum(rect) != 0:
                mp3file = outfilename.split('.')[0] + '.MP3'
                AudacitySave(mp3file)
        #----------------------------------------------------
        if keeplastpage > 0:
            if os.path.isfile(keeplastfilename):
                changeimgrect(keeplastfilename)
                tspacceptfile(keeplastfilename)
                os.remove(keeplastfilename)
                iddim = tspgetdopidall()
                if len(iddim) > 0:
                    lastid = iddim[-1]
                    infor = tspgetinfor(lastid)
                    if 'type' in infor.keys():
                        type = infor['type']
                        if type == 11:
                            ratio = infor['ratio']
                            range1 = infor['range']
                            width = int((range1[2]-range1[0])/ratio[0])
                            height = int((range1[3]-range1[1])/ratio[1])
                            rect = tspgetviewdcrange()
                            if abs(width - rect[4]) < 10 and abs(height - rect[5]) < 10:
                                setratio = (rect[2]-rect[0])/width
                                tspsetdopxy(lastid, rect[:4])
                                tspsetresratio(lastid, int(setratio*100))
                                tsprv(-3)
                                if keeplastpage > 1:
                                    headbytes = b'\x55\xaa\x60\x06'
                                    databytes = int2short(1)
                                    id = int(tspimagesetstring(0, 15))
                                    gifname = tspgetdopfile(id)
                                    tspimagesetstring(gifname, headbytes+databytes)
                            tsprv(-3)
        #----------------------------------------------------
        tsprv()
        tspfocuswindow('TEASOFT:1')
        exit()
    #--------------------------------------------------------
    if microvideo_flag == 2:
        clipboard.copy(filename + '\n')
        tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, "v", control=1, noreturn=1)
    else:
        tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title,"c", control=1, noreturn=1)
        originstr = clipboard.paste()
        if len(originstr) > 0:
            tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, " ")
        #----------------------------------------------------
        headfilename = mpegfile[0]
        printf(headpageid)
        if headpageid != 0:
            headfilename = mpegfile[headpageid]
        image = Image.open(headfilename)
        output = BytesIO()
        image.convert('RGB').save(output, 'BMP')
        data = output.getvalue()[14:]
        output.close()
        send_to_clipboard(win32clipboard.CF_DIB, data)
        tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, 'v', control=1, noreturn=1)
        for i in range(40):
            time.sleep(.5)
            readdata = tspread()
            if readdata[2] == 1: break
            if readdata[7] != 0: break
            if readdata[8] != 0: exit()
            if readdata[9] != 0: exit()
            tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, 'c', control=1, noreturn=1)
            if clipboard.paste().find('在这里插入图片描述') >= 0:
                tspbeep(1500, 200)
                time.sleep(.25)
                break
            printf('\a')
        for i in range(20):
            readdata = tspread()
            if readdata[7] == 0 and readdata[8] == 0 and readdata[9] == 0: break
            tspbeep(2500, 15)
            time.sleep(.25)
        tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, 'ac', control=1, noreturn=1)
        pastestr = clipboard.paste().split('![在这里插入图片描述](')
        if len(pastestr) < 2:
            printf("Can not find the ![Insert picture] discriptor !\a")
            exit()
        tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, 'z', control=1)
        pastestr = pastestr[1].split(')')[0]
        pastestr = pastestr.split('?')[0]
        #----------------------------------------------------
        if pictureflag == 0 and leftwidth > 0:
            if len(pagedim) > 1:
                dimstr = '-'.join([str(n) for n in pagedim])
                leftstring = leftstring + '_=%s'%dimstr
        #----------------------------------------------------
        insertstr = '![%s](%s#pic_center =%dx)'%(filename, pastestr, picwidth)
        if leftwidth > 0:
            if leftstring.find('c') < 0 and leftstring.find('C') < 0:
                insertstr = '![%s|%s](%s#pic_left =%dx) '%(filename, leftstring, pastestr, leftwidth)
            else:
                leftstring = leftstring.replace('c', '').replace('C', '')
                insertstr = '![%s|%s](%s#pic_center =%dx)\n\n'%(filename, leftstring, pastestr, leftwidth)
        if len(originstr) > 0:
            clipboard.copy(insertstr+'\n'+originstr)
        else: clipboard.copy(insertstr)
        tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, "v", control=1, noreturn=1)
#        printf(pastestr)
        clipboard.copy("")
    #--------------------------------------------------------
    if copy_flag > 0:
        if not os.path.isdir(r'd:\temp'):
            os.mkdir(r'd:\temp')
        if not os.path.isdir(r'd:\temp\GIF'):
            os.mkdir(r'd:\temp\GIF')
        outgifdir = r'd:\temp\GIF\%s'%gifdir
        if not os.path.isdir(outgifdir):
            os.mkdir(outgifdir)
        for id,fn in enumerate(mpegfile):
            extstr = fn.split('.')[-1]
            outfile = os.path.join(outgifdir, '%04d.%s'%(id, extstr))
            shutil.move(fn, outfile)
    else:
        for id,fn in enumerate(mpegfile):
            os.remove(fn)
    tspdeletedop(gifiddim)
    tsprv(-1)
    #----------------------------------------------------
    if audacityflag != 0:
        rect = tspgetwindowrect(AUDACITY_TITLE)
        if sum(rect) != 0:
            mp3file = outfilename.split('.')[0] + '.MP3'
            AudacitySave(mp3file)
    tspfocuswindow('TEASOFT:1')
    exit()
#------------------------------------------------------------
avifile = r'd:\temp\1.avi'
wavfile = r'd:\temp\1.wav'
mp3file = r'd:\temp\1.mp3'
mp4file = r'd:\temp\1.mp4'
avinumstr = 'AV%d'%(int(time.time()))
wavnumstr = 'WA%d'%(int(time.time()))
mp3numstr = 'MP%d'%(int(time.time()))
mp4numstr = "MP4%d"%(int(time.time()))
if avimove_flag > 0:
    for i in range(100):
        avifile = r'd:\temp\%d.avi'%(i+1)
        wavfile = r'd:\temp\%d.wav'%(i+1)
        mp3file = r'd:\temp\%d.mp3'%(i+1)
        mp4file = r'd:\temp\%d.mp4'%(i+1)
        flag = 0
        avinumstr = 'AV%d'%(int(time.time()))
        wavnumstr = 'WA%d'%(int(time.time()))
        mp3numstr = 'MP%d'%(int(time.time()))
        mp4numstr = "MP4%d"%(int(time.time()))
        if os.path.isfile(avifile):
            newfile = os.path.join(microvideo_dir, '%s.AVI'%avinumstr)
            shutil.copy(avifile, newfile)
            avi2csdn(avifile, '%s.AVI'%avinumstr)
            os.remove(avifile)
            printf("Copy file : %s"%avifile)
            flag += 1
        if os.path.isfile(wavfile):
            filename = '%s.WAV'%wavnumstr
            newfile = os.path.join(microvideo_dir, filename)
            shutil.copy(wavfile, newfile)
            clipboard.copy("【%s】"%(filename))
            printf("Copy file : %s"%filename)
            tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, "v", control=1, noreturn=1)
            os.remove(wavfile)
            flag += 1
        if os.path.isfile(mp3file):
            filename = '%s.MP3'%mp3numstr
            newfile = os.path.join(microvideo_dir, filename)
            shutil.copy(mp3file, newfile)
            clipboard.copy("【%s】"%(filename))
            printf("Copy file : %s"%filename)
            tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, "v", control=1, noreturn=1)
            os.remove(mp3file)
            flag += 1
        if os.path.isfile(mp4file):
            filename = '%s.MP4'%mp4numstr
            newfile = os.path.join(microvideo_dir, filename)
            shutil.copy(mp4file, newfile)
            avi2csdn(mp4file, '%s.MP4'%mp4numstr)
#            clipboard.copy("【%s】"%(filename))
#            tspsendwindowkey(csdn_title, "v", control=1, noreturn=1)
            os.remove(mp4file)
            printf("Copy file : %s"%filename)
            flag += 1
        if flag > 0:
            time.sleep(1.0)
            printf('\a')
        else: break
    printf('\a')
    tspfocuswindow('TEASOFT:1')
    exit()
#------------------------------------------------------------
width = 480
height = 320
if len(sys.argv) == 7:
    filename, ext = os.path.splitext(sys.argv[1])
    filedir = os.path.dirname(sys.argv[1])
    gifpage = int(sys.argv[2])
    outfile = r'd:\temp\%s_%s_%s'%(sys.argv[5], sys.argv[3], sys.argv[4])
    framems = int(sys.argv[6])
    frameps = int(1000 / framems)
    printff(filedir, ext, outfile, gifpage, frameps)
    for i in range(gifpage):
        filename = os.path.join(filedir, '%04d%s'%(i, ext))
        img = cv2.imread(filename)
        mpegfile.append(filename)
        height,width,layers=img.shape
        size = (width, height)
        img_array.append(img)
else:
    gifiddim = tspgetgifid()
    iddim = []
    if len(gifiddim) == 0:
        iddim = tspgetselectid()
        if len(iddim) == 0:
            iddim = hideiddim
            if len(iddim) == 0:
                printf('DOP has no GIF dop .\a')
                exit()
    #------------------------------------------------------------
    outfile = 'GM%d'%(int(time.time()))
    if len(sys.argv) > 1:
        if len(sys.argv[1]) > 0:
            outfile = sys.argv[1]
    frameps = 20
    if len(sys.argv) > 2:
        framems = int(sys.argv[2])
        frameps = int(1000 / framems)
    if len(iddim) > 0:
        for iidd in iddim:
            filename = tspgetdopfile(iidd)
            img = cv2.imread(filename)
            mpegfile.append(filename)
            height,width,layers=img.shape
            size = (width, height)
            img_array.append(img)
    else:
        #-----------------------------------------------------
        for gifid in gifiddim:
            filedir = tspgetdoppath(gifid)
            gifpage = tspgetgifpage(gifid)
            filename = tspgetdopfile(gifid)
            nameonly, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
            for i in range(gifpage):
                filename = os.path.join(filedir, '%04d%s'%(i, ext))
                img = cv2.imread(filename)
                mpegfile.append(filename)
                height,width,layers=img.shape
                size = (width, height)
                img_array.append(img)
#------------------------------------------------------------
outfilename = r'd:\temp\%s_%d_%d.MPG'%(outfile, width, height)
if outfile.find(':') > 0:
    outfilename = r'%s.MPG'%(outfile)
out = cv2.VideoWriter(outfilename, cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'MPEG'), frameps, size, True)
#------------------------------------------------------------
if not os.path.isdir(r'd:\temp'):
    os.mkdir(r'd:\temp')
if not os.path.isdir(r'd:\temp\GIF'):
    os.mkdir(r'd:\temp\GIF')
if not os.path.isdir(r'd:\temp\GIF\MPEG'):
    os.mkdir(r'd:\temp\GIF\MPEG')
mpegdir = r'd:\temp\GIF\MPEG'
mpegfiledim = os.listdir(mpegdir)
for f in mpegfiledim:
    os.remove(os.path.join(mpegdir, f))
#------------------------------------------------------------
#for i in range(gifpage):
#    out.write(img_array[i])
#    tspshowinfor('%d '%i)
for id,img in enumerate(img_array):
    out.write(img)
    tspshowinfor('%d '%id)
    newfile = os.path.join(mpegdir, os.path.basename(mpegfile[id]))
#    printf(newfile)
    shutil.copyfile(mpegfile[id], newfile)
out.release()
#------------------------------------------------------------
printf('\r\nAVI:%s\a'%outfilename)
printf('\a')
#------------------------------------------------------------
#        END OF FILE : GIF2MPG.PY
#============================================================

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如何移除电路板上的元器件？

文给出了在拆焊电路板元器件的过程中，需要注意的地方。俗话说，胆大心细，多琢磨，任何技巧都有使用的场合。掌握好热风枪、烙铁、助焊剂的品性，面对在复杂的情形都能够游刃有余。先给芯片涂抹助焊剂，然后在其管脚补锡，之后在利用双烙铁将其加热取下。比如这里SOP8封装的芯片，先在其管脚涂抹助焊剂，然后在使用热风枪进行加热，直到可以使用尖头镊子将芯片取下。对于这种表贴的铝电解电容，使用热风枪拆卸很容易将其损坏，塑料底座也会融化。只是它的焊盘连接较粗的引线，散热较快，所以需要较长的时间加热，加热之后，在对焊盘进行清理。
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