8. 字符串操作

1. 字符串构建

go 可以通过三种方式构建字符串

• +符号
• fmt.Sprintf 函数
• strings.Builder
  这里做个测试，看三种方式的效率

func main() {
    // string test
    username := "admin"
    age := 30
    address := "china"
    phone := "13112345678"

    startTime := time.Now()
    handleTest(100000, func() {
        str := "username:" + username + " age:" + strconv.Itoa(age) + " address:" + address + " phone:" + phone
        _ = str
    })

    endTime := time.Now()
    fmt.Println("+ time diff:", endTime.Sub(startTime))
    
    startTime = time.Now()
    handleTest(100000, func() {
        str := fmt.Sprintf("username:%v age:%v address:%v phone:%v", username, age, address, phone)
        _ = str
    })

    endTime = time.Now()
    fmt.Println("sprintf time diff:", endTime.Sub(startTime))

    startTime = time.Now()
    var builder strings.Builder
    handleTest(100000, func() {
        builder.WriteString("username:")
        builder.WriteString(username)
        builder.WriteString(" age:")
        builder.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(age))
        builder.WriteString(" address:")
        builder.WriteString(address)
        builder.WriteString(" phone:")
        builder.WriteString(phone)
        str := builder.String()
        _ = str
        builder.Reset()
    })

    endTime = time.Now()
    fmt.Println("builder time diff:", endTime.Sub(startTime))

}

func handleTest(count int32, handle func()) {
    i := 0
    for i < int(count) {
        handle()
        i++
    }
}

// + time diff: 9.2515ms
// sprintf time diff: 28.398ms
// builder time diff: 12.9933ms

这里+号效率最高，但是这里字符串比较短，可能strings.builder 的内部缓存优势没有发挥出来，
strings.builder 是很高效的构建字符串的工具，Sprintf 更加好用。

2. 常用字符串操作

strings 包中有很多字符串常见操作，如下：

• strings.Contains 是否包含
• strings.Count 统计次数
• strings.Split 分割字符串
• strings.HasPrefix 是否包含前缀
• strings.HasSuffix 是否包含后缀
• strings.Index 查找子串位置
• strings.Replace 子串替换
• strings.ToLower 转换成小写
• strings.ToUpper 转换成大写
• strings.Trim 消除前后特殊字符