OSPF综合大实验

实验要求:

1、R4为ISP,其上只配置IP地址;R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP;

2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;

3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;除了R12有两个环回,其他路由器均有一个环回IP

4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回;

5、减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;

6、全网可达;

实验步骤:

1.合理划分网段,配置IP(如图所示)

2.搞通内网和外网

3.配置隧道,MGRE环境

4.ospf宣告隧道网址

5..配置easy-ip

6..减少LSA更新量,配置特殊区域和路由汇总

7.加快收敛(修改hello时间)

8.保证安全(认证)

1.配置IP

R1:

[R1]int g0/0/1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.33.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24

[R1]dis ip inter b

R2:

[R2]int g0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.2 24

R3:

[R3]int g0/0/0

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.3 24

[R3-LoopBack0]int s4/0/0

[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.3 24

R4:

[R4]int s4/0/0

[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip add 34.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial4/0/0]int s 4/0/1

[R4-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial4/0/1]int s3/0/0

[R4-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.4 24

[R4-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.4 24

[R4]int l0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.4 24

R5:

[R5]int s4/0/0

[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.5 24

[R5-Serial4/0/0]int l0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.5 24

R6:

[R6]int s4/0/0

[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24

[R6-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/0

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 30

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.6 24

[R6-LoopBack0]

R7:

[R7]int g0/0/0

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.7 24

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 30

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.5.7 24

R8:

[R8]int g0/0/0

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.2 30

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.5 30

[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.8 24

R9:

[R9]int g0/0/0

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.6 30

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 30

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.9 24

R10:

[R10]int g0/0/0

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 30

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0

[R10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.10 24

R11:

[R11]int g0/0/0

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 30

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.5 30

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0

[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.11 24

R12:

R12]int g0/0/0

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.6 30

[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.1 24

[R12-LoopBack0]int l1

[R12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.161.1 24

2.搞通内外网:

内网:划分区域,配置OSPF,使各个区域内能够通信:

Area 1:

R1:

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1

Info: The configuration succeeded. You need to restart the OSPF process to valid

ate the new router ID.

[R1-ospf-1]a 1

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.34.0 0.0.0.255

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255

R2:

[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2

[R2-ospf-1]a 1

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.35.0 0.0.0.255

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255

R3:

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3

[R3-ospf-1]a 1

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.33.0 0.0.0.255

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net 172.16.36.0 0.0.0.255

测试:

Area 0:

R5:

[R5]ospf 1 rou        

[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5

[R5-ospf-1]a 0

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255

R6:

[R6]ospf 1 rou        

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6

[R6-ospf-1]a 0

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255

R7:

[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7

[R7-ospf-1]a 0

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255

Area 2:

R6:

[R6-ospf-1]a 2

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.0 0.0.0.3

R11:

[R11]ospf router-id 11.11.11.11

Info: The configuration succeeded. You need to restart the OSPF process to valid

ate the new router ID.

[R11-ospf-1]a 2

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.0 0.0.0.3

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.4 0.0.0.3

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.66.0 0.0.0.255

R12:

[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12

[R12-ospf-1]a 2

[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net 172.16.65.4 0.0.0.3

测试:

RIP区域:

R12:

[R12]rip 1

[R12-rip-1]v 2

[R12-rip-1]undo su        

[R12-rip-1]undo summary

[R12-rip-1]net 172.16.0.0

将RIP引入到OSPF,跨区域学习路由

[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip

测试:

Area 3

R7:

[R7]ospf 1

[R7-ospf-1]a 3

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.0 0.0.0.3

R8:

[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8

[R8-ospf-1]a 3

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.0 0.0.0.3

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.98.0 0.0.0.255

[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9

[R9-ospf-1]a 3

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net 172.16.97.4 0.0.0.3

测试:

Area4

为了区域4能够和其他区域进行路由学习,可以采用虚链路和多进程双向重发布,这里我们采用后者,创建一个ospf进程2

R9:

[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9

Info: The configuration succeeded. You need to restart the OSPF process to valid

ate the new router ID.

[R9-ospf-2]a 4

[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.129.0 0.0.0.3

[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.130.0 0.0.0.255

R10:

[R10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10

[R10-ospf-2]a 4

[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.129.0 0.0.0.3

[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]net 172.16.131.0 0.0.0.255

为了让R10学到上面的路由,因此我们要路由引入:

[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2

[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1

外网:配置静态路由:

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4

[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4

[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4

[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4

测试:

3.创建隧道

中心站点:R3:

[R3]int t0/0/0

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.3 24

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100        

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic

分支站点:

R5:

[R5]int t0/0/0

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.5 24

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp         

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0        

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100        

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

R6:

[R6]int t0/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.6 24

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp        

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

R7:

[R7]int t0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.6.7 24        

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp        

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register

查看:

4.ospf宣告隧道地址,并修改网络接口类型与分支站点上配置放弃DR/BDR选举使各个区域通过隧道能够相互学到路由

R3:

[R3]ospf 1

[R3-ospf-1]a 0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R5]ospf 1

[R5-ospf-1]a 0

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R6]ospf 1

[R6-ospf-1]a 0

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr        

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

[R7]ospf 1

[R7-ospf-1]a 0

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

查看中间路由器上的邻居关系:

R3:

R6:

R7:

R8:

R9:

测试:

R10 ping 区域1(R1)环回

R10 ping 区域0 (R5环回)

R10 ping 区域2(R11环回)

R10 ping RIP区域(R12环回)

R10 ping 区域3(R8环回)

5.配置easy-ip,使各设备都能访问R4环回:

[R3]acl 2000

[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule per        

[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit sou        

[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R5]acl 2000

[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[R5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R6]acl 2000

[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000

[R7]acl 2000

[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

在此还不能够实现,因为没有在公网口上下发一默认缺省路由,后面要实现减少LSA的更新量,会配置特殊区域和路由汇总,会自动下发默认路由

6.减少LSA更新量,配置特殊区域和路由汇总

a.路由汇总(在R3,R5,R7上配置ABR汇总,在R12,R9上配置ASBR汇总)

[R3-ospf-1]a 1

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1] abr-        

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0

[R9-ospf-1]a 3

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q

[R9-ospf-1]asbr-        

[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0

[R12]ospf 1

[R12-ospf-1]asbr-        

[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0

检测查看:

b.特殊区域

区域1(totally stub)

[R1]ospf 1

[R1-ospf-1]a 1

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[R2]ospf 1

[R2-ospf-1]a 1

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no        

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no        

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

区域2,区域3(totally nssa)

[R6]ospf 1

[R6-ospf-1]a 2

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

[R11]ospf 1

[R11-ospf-1]a 2

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

[R12]ospf 1

[R12-ospf-1]a 2

[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

[R7]ospf 1

[R7-ospf-1]a 3

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-su        

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

[R8]ospf 1

[R8-ospf-1]a 3

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-su        

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

[R9]ospf 1

[R9-ospf-1]a 3

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-su        

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

如图所示:配完特殊区域后,各个区域的路由器都被自动下发了一条缺省路由,因此现在各设备能够去访问R4的环回了

而R10ping不通R4环回,解决方法:在R9的进程2上去配置

[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

测试:

7.加快收敛(修改hello时间)

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5

[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5

8.保证安全(认证)

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

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