多线程的几种创建方式

简介

自从c++11开始，使用std::thread类创建线程是非常方便的。

• 类thread关联的对象构造后立即执行（当然会有操作系统调试延迟）
• 作为构造函数参数的函数的返回值将被忽略
• 如果函数通过抛出异常终止，则调用std::terminate
• 但函数可通过std::promise或通过修改共享变量（可能需要同步，请参见std::mutex和std::atomic）将其返回值或异常传达给调用方

注意以下几点：

线程对象是不可复制的，只能移动

• 线程对象要么被join，要么detach，否则可能会导致崩溃

thread支持的对象参数类型如下：

• 普通函数
• 成员函数
• 函数对象
• Lambda表达式

普通函数

在独立线程中执行函数：

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
 
void foo(int a)
{
    std::cout << a << '\n';
}
 
int main()
{
    // Create and execute the thread
    std::thread thread(foo, 10); // foo is the function to execute, 10 is the
                                 // argument to pass to it
 
    // Keep going; the thread is executed separately
 
    // Wait for the thread to finish; we stay here until it is done
    thread.join();
 
    return 0;
}

成员函数

在独立线程上执行成员函数：

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
 
class Bar
{
public:
    void foo(int a)
    {
        std::cout << a << '\n';
    }
};
 
int main()
{
    Bar bar;
    
    // Create and execute the thread
    std::thread thread(&Bar::foo, &bar, 10); // Pass 10 to member function
 
    // The member function will be executed in a separate thread
 
    // Wait for the thread to finish, this is a blocking operation
    thread.join();
 
    return 0;
}

函数对象

直接上代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
 
class Bar
{
public:
    void operator()(int a)
    {
        std::cout << a << '\n';
    }
};
 
int main()
{
    Bar bar;
    
    // Create and execute the thread
    std::thread thread(bar, 10); // Pass 10 to functor object
 
    // The functor object will be executed in a separate thread
 
    // Wait for the thread to finish, this is a blocking operation
    thread.join();
 
    return 0;
}

Lambda表达式

代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
 
int main()
{
    auto lambda = [](int a) { std::cout << a << '\n'; };

    // Create and execute the thread
    std::thread thread(lambda, 10); // Pass 10 to the lambda expression
 
    // The lambda expression will be executed in a separate thread
 
    // Wait for the thread to finish, this is a blocking operation
    thread.join();
 
    return 0;
}