c++学习之结构体

概念

用户自定义的数据类型，允许用户存储不同的数据类型。

结构体定义

#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
struct student
{
	string namme;
    int age;
    int score;
}
int main(void)
{
	struct student stu1;
	stu1.name="老王"；
	stu1.age=20;
	stu1.score=59;
	cout<<"name:"<<stu1.name<<"age:"<<stu1.age<<"score:"<<stu1.score<<endl; 
}

结构体数组

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
struct student
{
	string namme;
    int age;
    int score;
}
int main(void)
{
	struct student stu[3];//定义三名学生
	stu[3]=
	{
		{"老王"，20,59}，
		{"小刚"，20,59}，
		{"老朱"，20,100}
	}；	
}

结构指针

通过指针访问成员变量,使用箭头访问

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
struct student
{
	string namme;
    int age;
    int score;
}
int main(void)
{
	struct student stu={"老王",20,59};//定义学生
	student * p =&stu;
	
	cout<<"name:"<<p->name<<"age:"<<p->age<<"score:"<<p->score<<endl;
}

结构体作函数参数

值传递

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
struct student
{
	string namme;
    int age;
    int score;
}

void print_information(struct student stu)
{
	cout<<"name:"<<stu.name<<"age:"<<stu.age<<"score:"<<stu.score<<endl;
}
int main(void)
{
	struct student stu1={"老王",20,59};//定义学生
	print_information(stu1);//值传递
}

地址传递

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
struct student
{
	string namme;
    int age;
    int score;
}

void print_information(struct student * stu)
{
	cout<<"name:"<<stu->name<<"age:"<<stu->age<<"score:"<<stu->score<<endl;
}
int main(void)
{
	struct student stu1={"老王",20,59};//定义学生
	print_information(&stu1);//地址传递
}

结构体中 const的使用

作用：防止误操作

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
struct student
{
	string namme;
    int age;
    int score;
}

void print_information(const struct student * stu)//这里使用了const
{
	cout<<"name:"<<stu->name<<"age:"<<stu->age<<"score:"<<stu->score<<endl;
}
int main(void)
{
	struct student stu1={"老王",20,59};//定义学生
	print_information(&stu1);//地址传递
}