GEE代码学习 day4

Spectral resolution refers to the number and width of spectral bands in which the sensor takes measurements.

/ 
// Explore spectral resolution /
  
// Get the MODIS band names as an ee.List 
var modisBands = modisImage.bandNames();  
// Print the list. 
print('MODIS bands:', modisBands);  
// Print the length of the list. 
print('Length of the bands list:', modisBands.length());
// Graph the MODIS spectral bands (bands 11-17).  
// Select only the reflectance bands of interest. 
var reflectanceImage = modisImage.select(  'sur_refl_b01', 'sur_refl_b02', 'sur_refl_b03', 'sur_refl_b04', 'sur_refl_b05', 'sur_refl_b06', 'sur_refl_b07' );
// Define an object of customization parameters for the chart. 
var options = {  title: 'MODIS spectrum at SFO', 
                 hAxis: { title: 'Band' }, 
                 vAxis: { title: 'Reflectance' }, 
                 legend: { position: 'none' }, 
                 pointSize: 3 };
// Make the chart. 
var modisReflectanceChart = ui.Chart.image.regions({  image: reflectanceImage, regions: sfoPoint }).setOptions(options);  
// Display the chart. 
print(modisReflectanceChart);
// Get the EO-1 band “EO-1 Hyperion Hyperspectral Imager” dataset.
var eo1Image = eo1  .filterDate('2015-01-01', '2016-01-01') .first();  
// Extract the EO-1 band names. var eo1Bands = eo1Image.bandNames();  
// Print the list of band names. 
print('EO-1 bands:', eo1Bands);
// Create an options object for our chart. 
var optionsEO1 = {  title: 'EO1 spectrum', hAxis: { title: 'Band' }, 
                    vAxis: { title: 'Reflectance' }, 
                    legend: { position: 'none' }, 
                    pointSize: 3 };  
// Make the chart and set the options. 
var eo1Chart = ui.Chart.image.regions({  image: eo1Image, 
                                         regions: ee.Geometry.Point([6.10, 81.12]) 
                                      }).
                                           setOptions(optionsEO1);  
// Display the chart. 
print(eo1Chart);

Per-Pixel Quality

/ 
// Examine pixel quality 
/ 
// Sentinel Quality Visualization. 
msiCloud = msi  
           .filterBounds(Map.getCenter()) 
           .filterDate('2019-12-31', '2020-02-01') .first();

Metadata:Metadata properties can be extracted from an image’s properties using the get function and printed to the Console.

/ 
// Metadata 
/ 
print('MSI Image Metadata', msiImage);

CLOUDY_PIXEL_PERCENTAGE information. Distinct from the cloudiness flag attached to every pixel, this is an image-level summary assessment of the overall cloudiness in the image.

第五章：图像处理

Spectral indices （光谱指数）are based on the fact that different objects and land covers on the Earth’s surface reflect different amounts of light from the Sun at different wavelengths.

Band Arithmetic in Earth Engine

1、Arithmetic Calculation of NDVI

植被曲线（以绿色绘制）在 NIR 范围（约 750-900 nm）具有相对较高的反射率，红色范围（约 630-690 nm）的反射率较低，其中阳光被叶绿素吸收。这表明，如果红色波段和近红外波段可以组合在一起，它们将提供有关植被的大量信息。

其中 NIR 和 red 表示这两个波段中每个波段的亮度。此亮度可能以反射率、辐射度或数字数 （DN） 为单位表示;NDVI 旨在在使用这些波长的平台上提供几乎相同的值。这个方程的一般形式称为“归一化差”——分子是“差”，分母“归一化”值。NDVI 的输出在 −1 和 1 之间变化。大量绿色植被的值约为 0.8-0.9。没有绿叶的值接近 0，水的值接近 -1。

/ 
// Band Arithmetic 
/  
// Calculate NDVI using Sentinel 2  
// Import and filter imagery by location and date. 
var sfoPoint = ee.Geometry.Point(-122.3774, 37.6194); 
var sfoImage = ee.ImageCollection('COPERNICUS/S2')  
                 .filterBounds(sfoPoint) 
                 .filterDate('2020-02-01', '2020-04-01') 
                 .first();  
// Display the image as a false color composite. 
Map.centerObject(sfoImage, 11); 
Map.addLayer(sfoImage, 
             { bands: ['B8', 'B4', 'B3'], 
               min: 0, max: 2000 }, 
               'False color');
// Extract the near infrared and red bands. 
var nir = sfoImage.select('B8'); 
var red = sfoImage.select('B4');  
// Calculate the numerator and the denominator using subtraction and addition respectively. 
var numerator = nir.subtract(red); 
var denominator = nir.add(red);  
// Now calculate NDVI. 
var ndvi = numerator.divide(denominator);  
// Add the layer to our map with a palette. 
var vegPalette = ['red', 'white', 'green']; 
Map.addLayer(ndvi, { min: -1, max: 1, palette: vegPalette }, 'NDVI Manual');

Single-Operation Computation of Normalized Difference for NDVI

// Now use the built-in normalizedDifference function to achieve the same outcome. 
var ndviND = sfoImage.normalizedDifference(['B8', 'B4']);  
Map.addLayer(ndviND, 
            { min: -1, max: 1, palette: vegPalette }, 
             'NDVI normalizedDiff');

向 normalizedDifference 提供两个区间的顺序很重要。我们使用近红外波段 B8 作为第一个参数，红色波段 B4 作为第二个参数。

Using Normalized Difference for NDWI

The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was developed by Gao (1996) as an index of vegetation water content.该指数对植被冠层液体含量的变化很敏感。这意味着该指数可用于检测经历干旱条件的植被或区分作物灌溉水平等。在干旱地区，可以区分经过灌溉的作物与自然植被。它有时也称为归一化差值水分指数 （NDMI）。

其中 NIR 是近红外的，中心在 860 nm （0.86 μm） 附近，SWIR 是短波红外，中心在 1240 nm （1.24 μm） 附近。

对于 Sentinel-2，B 8 是 NIR 波段，B11 是 SWIR 波段

// Use normalizedDifference to calculate NDWI 
var ndwi = sfoImage.normalizedDifference(['B8', 'B11']); 
var waterPalette = ['white', 'blue'];  
Map.addLayer(ndwi, { min: -0.5, max: 1, palette: waterPalette }, 'NDWI');