UGUI内核大探究（十六）InputField

InputField是UGUI的重要组件，可以提供文本输入功能，是与用户交互的一个重要手段。我们可以在编辑器里，为OnValueChanged和OnEndEdit两个事件添加监听，这样就可以获得用户输入的文本。本文就探究一下InputField的实现原理。

按照惯例，附上UGUI源码下载地址。

在编辑器新建一个InputField，它会附带两个子对象Placeholder和Text。

Placeholder（占位符）是当输入文字为空时显示的提示文字，Text显示的便是输入文字。

我们先看一下InputField的继承关系：

    public class InputField
        : Selectable,
        IUpdateSelectedHandler,
        IBeginDragHandler,
        IDragHandler,
        IEndDragHandler,
        IPointerClickHandler,
        ISubmitHandler,
        ICanvasElement

InputField重写了OnEnable（调用时机参见Untiy3D组件小贴士（一）OnEnabled与OnDisabled）方法，方法里设置了一些变量，然后调用了m_TextComponent的RegisterDirtyVerticesCallback方法两次，添加MarkGeometryAsDirty和UpdateLabel回调，最后再调用一下UpdateLabel。m_TextComponent对应的是Text对象的Text组件，而RegisterDirtyVerticesCallback则是Graphic的方法（Text间接继承自Graphic），当Graphic需要重建Mesh（将顶点数据设为脏的）的时候，会回调方法。MarkGeometryAsDirty方法将自己注册到CanvasUpdateRegistry的图像重建序列（参考UGUI内核大探究（六）CanvasUpdateRegistry）。

        /// <summary>
        /// Update the visual text Text.
        /// </summary>

        protected void UpdateLabel()
        {
            if (m_TextComponent != null && m_TextComponent.font != null && !m_PreventFontCallback)
            {
                // TextGenerator.Populate invokes a callback that's called for anything
                // that needs to be updated when the data for that font has changed.
                // This makes all Text components that use that font update their vertices.
                // In turn, this makes the InputField that's associated with that Text component
                // update its label by calling this UpdateLabel method.
                // This is a recursive call we want to prevent, since it makes the InputField
                // update based on font data that didn't yet finish executing, or alternatively
                // hang on infinite recursion, depending on whether the cached value is cached
                // before or after the calculation.
                //
                // This callback also occurs when assigning text to our Text component, i.e.,
                // m_TextComponent.text = processed;

                m_PreventFontCallback = true;

                string fullText;
                if (Input.compositionString.Length > 0)
                    fullText = text.Substring(0, m_CaretPosition) + Input.compositionString + text.Substring(m_CaretPosition);
                else
                    fullText = text;

                string processed;
                if (inputType == InputType.Password)
                    processed = new string(asteriskChar, fullText.Length);
                else
                    processed = fullText;

                bool isEmpty = string.IsNullOrEmpty