设计模式 - 责任链(Chain of Responsibility)

Chain of Responsibility 模式使多个对象都有机会处理请求，从而避免请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。将这些对象连成一条链，并沿着这条链传递该请求，直到有一个对象处理它为止。

类图：

• 当客户提交一个请求时，请求沿链传递直至有一个ConcreteHandler 对象负责处理它。
优点：
• 降低耦合度 一个对象无需知道是其他哪个对象处理其请求；
• 增强了给对象指派职责(Responsibility)的灵活性;
缺点：
• 低效；
• 不保证被处理

典型应用：
Spring MVC 的拦截器执行链 就是使用责任链模式

案例： 报销审批程序，部门经理，副总和董事长审批的金额不同。

public interface Audit {
	public void setAudit(Audit audit);
	public boolean approved(int amount);
}

public class DeptMgrAudit implements Audit {
    private Audit audit;

    public DeptMgrAudit() {
    }

    public void setAudit(Audit audit) {
        this.audit = audit;
    }
    public boolean approved(int amount) {
        if(amount <= 10000) {
            System.out.println(amount + " is approved by department manager");
            return true;
        } 
        return audit.approved(amount);
    }
}

public class VPAudit implements Audit {
    private Audit audit;
    public VPAudit() {
    }
    public void setAudit(Audit audit) {
        this.audit = audit;
    }
    public boolean approved(int amount) {
        if(amount <= 100000) {
            System.out.println(amount + " is approved by VP");
            return true;
        } 
        return audit.approved(amount);
    }
}

public class PresidentAudit implements Audit {
    private Audit audit;
    public PresidentAudit() {
    }

    public void setAudit(Audit audit) {
        this.audit = audit;
    }
    public boolean approved(int amount) {
        if(amount <= 1000000) {
            System.out.println(amount + " is approved by President");
            return true;
        } 
        System.out.println(amount + " can not be approved");
        throw new IllegalStateException("Nobody can handle it");
    }
}

测试代码

public class AuditTest {
    @Test(expected=IllegalStateException.class)
	public void testApproved() {
    	Audit handler1 = new DeptMgrAudit();
    	Audit handler2 = new VPAudit();
    	handler1.setAudit(handler2);
    	Audit handler3 = new PresidentAudit();
    	handler2.setAudit(handler3);
    	handler1.approved(10000);
    	handler1.approved(50000);
    	handler1.approved(900000);
    	handler1.approved(2000000);
    }
}
//output:
10000 is approved by department manager
50000 is approved by VP
900000 is approved by President
2000000 can not be approved