设计模式 - 备忘录模式(Memento)

Memento模式在不破坏封装性的前提下，捕获一个对象的内部状态，并在该对象之外保存这个状态。这样以后就可将该对象恢复到原先保存的状态。

类图：

案例： 购物的时候你可以临时改变送货地址和联系电话，通过Memento模式恢复到原始的送货地址和联系电话。

public class Buyer {
	private String name;
	private String phoneNum;
	private String address;
	public Buyer(String name, String phoneNum, String address) {
		this.name = name;
		this.phoneNum = phoneNum;
		this.address = address;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public String getPhoneNum() {
		return phoneNum;
	}
	public void setPhoneNum(String phoneNum) {
		this.phoneNum = phoneNum;
	}
	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
	public Memento createMemento() {
		return new Memento(this.phoneNum, this.address);
	}
	public void setMemento(Memento memento) {
		this.phoneNum = memento.getPhoneNum();
		this.address = memento.getAddress();
	}
}

public class Memento {
	private String phoneNum;
	private String address;
	public Memento(String phoneNum, String address) {
		this.phoneNum = phoneNum;
		this.address = address;
	}
}

测试代码

import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
public class MementoTest {
	@Test
	public void testMemento(){
		Buyer buyer = new Buyer("Tom", "0755-12345678", "Shenzhen");
		assertEquals("the original phone number is 0755-12345678", "0755-12345678", buyer.getPhoneNum());
		assertEquals("the original address is Shenzhen", "Shenzhen", buyer.getAddress());
		
		Memento memento = buyer.createMemento();
		
		buyer.setPhoneNum("021-88888888");
		buyer.setAddress("ShangHai");
		assertEquals("the phone number is changed to 021-88888888", "021-88888888", buyer.getPhoneNum());
		assertEquals("the original address is changed to ShangHai", "ShangHai", buyer.getAddress());
		
		buyer.setMemento(memento);
		assertEquals("the phone number is restored to 0755-12345678", "0755-12345678", buyer.getPhoneNum());
		assertEquals("the original address is restored to Shenzhen", "Shenzhen", buyer.getAddress());		
	}
}