Other object created with the database:
Data dictionary
Performance tabes
PL/SQL packages
Database event triggers
The data dictionary contains two parts:
Base tables
Stores description of the database
Created with CREATE DATABASE
Data dictionary views
Used to simplify the base table information
Accessed through public synonyms
Created with the catalog.sql script
How the DD Is Used
Primary uses:
Oracle server uses it to find information about
Users
Schema objects
Storage structures
Oracle server modifies it when a DDL statement is executed
Users and DBAs use itas a read-only reference for information about the database
DP Example
V$CONTROLFILE
V$DATABASE
V$DATAFILE
V$INSTANCE
V$PARAMETER //存在内存里的信息
V$SESSION
V$SGA
V$SPPARAMETER //存在SPFILE里边的信息
V$TABLESPACE
V$THRED
V$VERSION
Control File
A small binary file
Defines current state of physical database
Maintains integrity of database
Required:
At MOUNT state during database start up
To operate the database
Linked to a single database
Loss may require recovery
Sized initially by CREATE DATABASE
The main determinants of the size of a control file are the values set for the MAXDATAFILES,MAXLOGFILES,MAXLOGMEMBERS,MAXLOGHISTORY,and MAXINSTANCES parameters in the CREATE DATABASE statement that created the associated database.Increasing the valuesof these parameter increases the size of a controlfilethe associated database.
A control file contains the following entries:
Database name and identifier
Time stamp of database creation
Tablespace names
Names and locations of data files and online redo log files
Current online redo log file sequence number
Checkpoint information
Begin and end of undo segments
Redo log archive information
Backup information
Every Oracle database should have at least two control files,each stored on a different physical disk.
add control file (use spfile)
Alter system set control_files='/u01/oradata/wilson/control01.ctl','/u01/oradata/wilson/control02.ctl' scope=spfile
shutdown immediate
cp /u01/oradata/wilson/control01.ctl /u01/oradata/wilson/control02.ctl
GetControl File Information
Information about control file status and locations and be retrieved by querying the following views
V$CONTROLFILE:lists the name and status of allcontrolfilesassociatedwiththeinstance
V$PARAMETER:Listsstatus and location all parameters
V$CONTROLFILE_RECORD_SECTION:Provides informatio about the controfile record sections
SHOW PARAMETER CONTROL_FILES:Lists the name,status, and location of the control files