2_DirectX_绘制三角形

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好了现在开始第二个实例的学习，如何在windows窗口上绘制一个三角形：

1、第一个呢还是万年不变的头文件d3dUtility.h文件啦：

#ifndef __d3dUtilityH__
#define __d3dUtilityH__

#include <d3dx9.h>
#include <string>

namespace d3d
{

//函数声明啦、对大家讲用来哪些函数
	bool InitD3D(
		HINSTANCE hInstance,       // [in] Application instance.
		int width, int height,     // [in] Backbuffer dimensions.
		bool windowed,             // [in] Windowed (true)or full screen (false).
		D3DDEVTYPE deviceType,     // [in] HAL or REF
		IDirect3DDevice9** device);// [out]The created device.

	int EnterMsgLoop( 
		bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta));

	LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
		HWND hwnd,
		UINT msg, 
		WPARAM wParam,
		LPARAM lParam);

	template<class T> void Release(T t)
	{
		if( t )
		{
			t->Release();
			t = 0;
		}
	}
		
	template<class T> void Delete(T t)
	{
		if( t )
		{
			delete t;
			t = 0;
		}
	}
}

#endif

2、第二个就轮到了d3dUtility.cpp文件：

#include "d3dUtility.h"

bool d3d::InitD3D(
	HINSTANCE hInstance,
	int width, int height,
	bool windowed,
	D3DDEVTYPE deviceType,
	IDirect3DDevice9** device)
{
	//
	// Create the main application window.
	//

	//定义一个新的类
	WNDCLASS wc;

	wc.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	wc.lpfnWndProc   = (WNDPROC)d3d::WndProc; 
	wc.cbClsExtra    = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra    = 0;
	wc.hInstance     = hInstance;
	wc.hIcon         = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);
	wc.hCursor       = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW);
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
	wc.lpszMenuName  = 0;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Direct3D9App";


	//注册这个类
	if( !RegisterClass(&wc) ) 
	{
		::MessageBox(0, "RegisterClass() - FAILED", 0, 0);
		return false;
	}
		
	//创建窗口
	HWND hwnd = 0;//窗口句柄
	hwnd = ::CreateWindow("Direct3D9App", "Direct3D9App", 
		WS_EX_TOPMOST,
		0, 0, width, height,
		0 , 0 , hInstance, 0 ); 

	if( !hwnd )
	{
		::MessageBox(0, "CreateWindow() - FAILED", 0, 0);
		return false;
	}

	::ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOW);
	::UpdateWindow(hwnd);

	//
	// Init D3D: 
	//现在开始了D3D的一些列初始化：

	HRESULT hr = 0;

	// Step 1: Create the IDirect3D9 object.
	//创建一个IDirect3D 的指针

	IDirect3D9* d3d9 = 0;
    d3d9 = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
	//d3d9 = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);

    if( !d3d9 )
	{
		::MessageBox(0, "Direct3DCreate9() - FAILED", 0, 0);
		return false;
	}

	// Step 2: Check for hardware vp.

	D3DCAPS9 caps;
	d3d9->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, deviceType, &caps);

	int vp = 0;
	if( caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT )
		vp = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;
	else
		vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;

	// Step 3: Fill out the D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS structure.
 
	D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
	d3dpp.BackBufferWidth            = width;
	d3dpp.BackBufferHeight           = height;
	d3dpp.BackBufferFormat           = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
	d3dpp.BackBufferCount            = 1;
	d3dpp.MultiSampleType            = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;
	d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality         = 0;
	d3dpp.SwapEffect                 = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD; 
	d3dpp.hDeviceWindow              = hwnd;
	d3dpp.Windowed                   = windowed;
	d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil     = true; 
	d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat     = D3DFMT_D24S8;
	d3dpp.Flags                      = 0;
	d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT;
	d3dpp.PresentationInterval       = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;

	// Step 4: Create the device.

	hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(
		D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, // primary adapter
		deviceType,         // device type
		hwnd,               // window associated with device
		vp,                 // vertex processing
	    &d3dpp,             // present parameters
	    device);            // return created device

	if( FAILED(hr) )
	{
		// try again using a 16-bit depth buffer
		d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;
		
		hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(
			D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
			deviceType,
			hwnd,
			vp,
			&d3dpp,
			device);

		if( FAILED(hr) )
		{
			d3d9->Release(); // done with d3d9 object
			::MessageBox(0, "CreateDevice() - FAILED", 0, 0);
			return false;
		}
	}

	d3d9->Release(); // done with d3d9 object
	
	return true;
}

int d3d::EnterMsgLoop( bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta) )
{
	MSG msg;
	::ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));

	static float lastTime = (float)timeGetTime(); 

	while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)
	{
		if(::PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
		{
			::TranslateMessage(&msg);
			::DispatchMessage(&msg);
		}
		else
        {	
			float currTime  = (float)timeGetTime();
			float timeDelta = (currTime - lastTime)*0.001f;

			ptr_display(timeDelta);

			lastTime = currTime;
        }
    }
    return msg.wParam;
}

3、第三个呢就是Triangle.cpp文件：

#include"d3dUtility.h"

IDirect3DDevice9* Device = 0;

const int Width  = 640;
const int Height = 480;

//创建一个指针，用来指向三角形这个框架
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9* Triangle = 0;


//创建一个结构体，在Vertex这个结构体中，
//有x,y,z三个坐标用以表现三角形的坐标位置
struct Vertex
{
	Vertex() {}
	Vertex(float x, float y, float z)
	{
		_x = x; _y = y; _z = z;
	}
	float _x, _y, _z;
	//定义了灵活顶点格式：
	static const DWORD FVF;
};

//定义了灵活顶点格式为：D3DFVF_XYZ
const DWORD Vertex::FVF = D3DFVF_XYZ;

bool Setup()
{
	//现在要创建一个顶点缓存，并通过指针来调用它
	Device->CreateVertexBuffer(
		3 * sizeof(Vertex),
		D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY,
		Vertex::FVF,
		D3DPOOL_MANAGED,    // managed memory pool
		&Triangle,          // return create vertex buffer
		0);
	Vertex* vertices;
	Triangle->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&vertices, 0);

	vertices[0] = Vertex(-1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f);
	vertices[1] = Vertex( 0.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
	vertices[2] = Vertex( 1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f);

	Triangle->Unlock();


	//设置它的显示格式：
	D3DXMATRIX proj;
	D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(
			&proj,                        // result
			D3DX_PI * 0.5f,               // 90 - degrees
			(float)Width / (float)Height, // aspect ratio
			1.0f,                         // near plane
			1000.0f);                     // far plane
	Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &proj);

	//
	// Set wireframe mode render state.
	//

	Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FILLMODE, D3DFILL_WIREFRAME);

	return true;
}


void Cleanup()
{
	//释放资源
	d3d::Release<IDirect3DVertexBuffer9*>(Triangle);
}

//接下来设置图像的显示：
bool Display(float timeDelta)
{
	//如果Device指针盛情成功
	if( Device )
	{
		//先清除屏幕上一帧的屏幕缓存
		Device->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0xffffffff, 1.0f, 0);
		//开始绘制图像
		Device->BeginScene();

		//设置顶点的刘输出设置
		Device->SetStreamSource(0, Triangle, 0, sizeof(Vertex));
		//依据先前设置的灵活顶点格式FVF，设置现在的FVF
		Device->SetFVF(Vertex::FVF);

		// Draw one triangle.
		//按照之前的顶点坐标数据，绘画
		Device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 1);

		Device->EndScene();
		Device->Present(0, 0, 0, 0);
	}
	return true;
}


//
// WndProchh好像还能用的样子哈哈
//这个键盘比笔记本键盘打起字来快得多
//
LRESULT CALLBACK d3d::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch( msg )
	{
	case WM_DESTROY:
		::PostQuitMessage(0);
		break;
		
	case WM_KEYDOWN:
		if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE )
			::DestroyWindow(hwnd);
		break;
	}
	return ::DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}

//
// WinMain
//
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance,
				   HINSTANCE prevInstance, 
				   PSTR cmdLine,
				   int showCmd)
{
	if(!d3d::InitD3D(hinstance,
		Width, Height, true, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &Device))
	{
		::MessageBox(0, "InitD3D() - FAILED", 0, 0);
		return 0;
	}
		
	if(!Setup())
	{
		::MessageBox(0, "Setup() - FAILED", 0, 0);
		return 0;
	}

	d3d::EnterMsgLoop( Display );

	Cleanup();

	Device->Release();

	return 0;
}

ok、现在呢整个文件就ok啦、对了，设置好：d3d9.lib   d3dx9.lib  winmm.lib

嗯，