【51单片机】矩阵键盘的扫描原理与基本应用

一、题目

注意J5的跳帽要连接1、2，矩阵键盘。还有电路图有点不一样，右下角两个引脚不同。

二、电路

2.1独立键盘

独立键盘一端接地一端接I/O口，正常情况下I/O口输出高电平，按下独立键盘后输出低电平。

2.2矩阵键盘

要扫哪一行就让哪一行是低电平，然后扫描列，看列是否有低电平。

在执行过程中遇到了点问题，报错提醒说的是C1，C2口未定义，需要加上sfr  P4 = 0xc0;

原因是  sbit C1 = P4^4;  sbit C2 = P4^2; 用到了P4口，但是头文件太老了，没有包含P4的初始化地址，需要手动添加。

#include "reg52.h"

sfr  P4 = 0xc0;

sbit R1 = P3^0;
sbit R2 = P3^1;
sbit R3 = P3^2;
sbit R4 = P3^3;

sbit C1 = P4^4;
sbit C2 = P4^2;
sbit C3 = P3^5;
sbit C4 = P3^4;

unsigned char SMG_duanma[18] = {0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,
																0x80,0x90,0x88,0x83,0xc6,0xa1,0x86,0x8e,
																0xbf,0x7f};   //定义了一个数组，里面有18个元素，对应0~F，最后两个分别是一横和一点。




void SelectHC573(unsigned char channel)
{
	switch(channel)
	{
		case 4:
			P2 = (P2 &0x1f)|0x80;
		break;
		case 5:
			P2 = (P2 &0x1f)|0xa0;
		break;
		case 6:
			P2 = (P2 &0x1f)|0xc0;
		break;
		case 7:
			P2 = (P2 &0x1f)|0xe0;
		break;
	}
}

void DisplayKeyNum(unsigned value)
{
	SelectHC573(6);
	P0 = 0x01;
	SelectHC573(7);
	P0 = value ; 
}

unsigned char key_num;

void ScanKeysMulti()
{
	R1 = 0;
	R2 = R3 = R4 = 1;
	C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 1;
	if(C1 == 0)
	{
		while(C1 == 0);
		key_num = 0;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}
	else if(C2 == 0)
	{
		while(C2 == 0);
		key_num = 1;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}
	else if(C3 == 0)
	{
		while(C3 == 0);
		key_num = 2;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}
	else if(C4 == 0)
	{
		while(C4 == 0);
		key_num = 3;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}
	
	
	R2 = 0;
	R1 = R3 = R4 = 1;
	C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 1;
	if(C1 == 0)
	{
		while(C1 == 0);
		key_num = 4;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}
	else if(C2 == 0)
	{
		while(C2 == 0);
		key_num = 5;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}
	else if(C3 == 0)
	{
		while(C3 == 0);
		key_num = 6;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}
	else if(C4 == 0)
	{
		while(C4 == 0);
		key_num = 7;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}

	
	R3 = 0;
	R1 = R2 = R4 = 1;
	C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 1;
	if(C1 == 0)
	{
		while(C1 == 0);
		key_num = 8;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}
	else if(C2 == 0)
	{
		while(C2 == 0);
		key_num = 9;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}
	else if(C3 == 0)
	{
		while(C3 == 0);
		key_num = 10;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}
	else if(C4 == 0)
	{
		while(C4 == 0);
		key_num = 11;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}

	
	R4 = 0;
	R1 = R2 = R3 = 1;
	C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 = 1;
	if(C1 == 0)
	{
		while(C1 == 0);
		key_num = 12;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}
	else if(C2 == 0)
	{
		while(C2 == 0);
		key_num = 13;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}
	else if(C3 == 0)
	{
		while(C3 == 0);
		key_num = 14;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}
	else if(C4 == 0)
	{
		while(C4 == 0);
		key_num = 15;
		DisplayKeyNum(SMG_duanma[key_num]);
	}

}


void main()
{
	while(1)
	{
		ScanKeysMulti();
	}
}