{
(void)f;
UartDrvWrite((unsigned char*)&ch,1);
return ch;
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */
/**
- @brief The application entry point.
- @retval int
/
int main(void)
{
/ USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
/* USER CODE END SysInit */
/* Initialize all configured peripherals /
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
/ USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
char a = ‘a’;
printf(“%c”,a);
if(1 == UartDrvRead((unsigned char*)&a,1))
{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_12,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_Delay(1000);
}
printf("%c",a);
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop /
/ USER CODE BEGIN WHILE /
while (1)
{
/ USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
#### 5.结果展示
在显示结果时,不是很方便一起录视频,所以只截图一个MobaXterm的界面。相关的软件操作放在文章最后面进行讲解。
![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/14d4760f2e80493fb30c81cc840ef036.png)
#### 6.代码分析
在学习串口时,我们有一点要进行注意,一定要分清楚,串口的发送方和接收方是谁,我们程序中的发送方其实是stm32单片机,接收方是电脑,不要错认为电脑是发送方,如果在一开始都分不清楚这一点,就很难搞明白串口的工作方式和方向,从而进入学习的误区。
##### 6.1初始思路
初始思路很残暴,就是直接采用HAL\_UART\_Transmit和HAL\_UART\_Receive进行字母a的收和任意字符的收,程序一开始,就将a进行发出,然后程序一直卡在HAL\_UART\_Receive,等待收字符,进行led点亮,然后在对收到的字符进行回显。我们在进行仿真和正常的逻辑思维双重推理下,发现程序其实很残暴,因为当我们一直收不到字符时,程序就一直卡着不动,进行等待,现实中不会这样进行设计程序,这里只是为了学习而进行学习。
int main(void)
{
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
char a = ‘a’;
if(HAL_OK != HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&a,1,10))
{
Error_Handler();
}
if(HAL_OK == HAL_UART_Receive(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&a,1,HAL_MAX_DELAY))
{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_12,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_Delay(1000);
}
if(HAL_OK != HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,(uint8_t *)&a,1,HAL_MAX_DELAY))
{
Error_Handler();
}
while (1)
{
}
}
##### 6.2进一步
接着我们会想着自己封装一个发送和接收函数,这样让程序更加清晰明了。
#include “main.h”
UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
int UartDrvWrite(unsigned char *buf,unsigned short length)
{
if(NULL == buf) return -1;
if(0 == length) return -1;
if(HAL_OK != HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,buf,1,HAL_MAX_DELAY))
return -1;
return length;
}
int UartDrvRead(unsigned char *buf,unsigned short length)
{
if(NULL == buf) return -1;
if(0 == length) return -1;
if(HAL_OK != HAL_UART_Receive(&huart1,buf,1,HAL_MAX_DELAY))
return -1;
return length;
}
int main(void)
{
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
char a = ‘a’;
if(1 != UartDrvWrite((unsigned char*)&a,1))
{
Error_Handler();
}
if(1 == UartDrvRead((unsigned char*)&a,1))
{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_12,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_Delay(1000);
}
if(1 != UartDrvWrite((unsigned char*)&a,1))
{
Error_Handler();
}
while (1)
{
}
}
##### 6.3最终代码
最后再加入重定向,形成最终代码。加入重定向以后,printf函数就是相当于发送函数,也就是写函数,这里也是要搞明白这个相关逻辑。
#include “main.h”
#include<stdio.h>
UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
int UartDrvWrite(unsigned char *buf,unsigned short length)
{
if(NULL == buf) return -1;
if(0 == length) return -1;
if(HAL_OK != HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,buf,1,HAL_MAX_DELAY))
return -1;
return length;
}
int UartDrvRead(unsigned char *buf,unsigned short length)
{
if(NULL == buf) return -1;
if(0 == length) return -1;
if(HAL_OK != HAL_UART_Receive(&huart1,buf,1,HAL_MAX_DELAY))
return -1;
return length;
}
struct __FILE{
int handle;
};
FILE __stdout;
int fputc(int ch,FILE f)
{
(void)f;
UartDrvWrite((unsigned char)&ch,1);
return ch;
}
int main(void)
{
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
char a = ‘a’;
printf(“%c”,a);
if(1 == UartDrvRead((unsigned char*)&a,1))
{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB,GPIO_PIN_12,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
HAL_Delay(1000);
}
printf("%c",a);
while (1)
{
}
}
#### 7.函数分析
##### 7.1HAL\_UART\_Receive
判断是否忙-->锁住-->标记接收忙-->获取tick计数-->赋值RxXferCount有多少数据要接收-->每次从DR内获取一个Byte存在pData指向的空间
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_UART_Receive(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart, uint8_t *pData, uint16_t Size, uint32_t Timeout)
{
uint16_t *tmp;
uint32_t tickstart = 0U;
/* Check that a Rx process is not already ongoing */
if (huart->RxState == HAL_UART_STATE_READY)
{
if ((pData == NULL) || (Size == 0U))
{
return HAL_ERROR;
}
/* Process Locked */
__HAL_LOCK(huart);
huart->ErrorCode = HAL_UART_ERROR_NONE;
huart->RxState = HAL_UART_STATE_BUSY_RX;
/* Init tickstart for timeout managment */
tickstart = HAL_GetTick();
huart->RxXferSize = Size;
huart->RxXferCount = Size;
/* Process Unlocked */
__HAL_UNLOCK(huart);
/* Check the remain data to be received */
while (huart->RxXferCount > 0U)
{
huart->RxXferCount--;
if (huart->Init.WordLength == UART_WORDLENGTH_9B)
{
if (UART_WaitOnFlagUntilTimeout(huart, UART_FLAG_RXNE, RESET, tickstart, Timeout) != HAL_OK)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
tmp = (uint16_t *) pData;
if (huart->Init.Parity == UART_PARITY_NONE)
{
*tmp = (uint16_t)(huart->Instance->DR & (uint16_t)0x01FF);
pData += 2U;
}
else
{
*tmp = (uint16_t)(huart->Instance->DR & (uint16_t)0x00FF);
pData += 1U;
}
}
else
{
if (UART_WaitOnFlagUntilTimeout(huart, UART_FLAG_RXNE, RESET, tickstart, Timeout) != HAL_OK)
{
return HAL_TIMEOUT;
}
if (huart->Init.Parity == UART_PARITY_NONE)
{
*pData++ = (uint8_t)(huart->Instance->DR & (uint8_t)0x00FF);
}
else
{
*pData++ = (uint8_t)(huart->Instance->DR & (uint8_t)0x007F);
}
}
}
/* At end of Rx process, restore huart->RxState to Ready */
huart->RxState = HAL_UART_STATE_READY;
return HAL_OK;
}
else
{
return HAL_BUSY;
}
}
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