Khan Academy - Statistics and Probability - Unit 7 PROBABILITY

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-26 19:41:40 发布
最新推荐文章于 2022-06-26 19:41:40 发布
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分类专栏： Khan Academy - Statistics and Proba 文章标签： 概率论 统计学 数据分析
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这篇博客详细介绍了概率论的基础知识，包括理论概率、基本集合操作、实验概率、独立事件的乘法规则和条件概率。内容涵盖从基本概念如事件概率、蒙提霍尔问题，到更复杂的集合交并补、实验数据估算、统计显著性以及独立和依赖事件的计算。还通过实例解释了如何计算等概率和不等概率事件的概率，并探讨了条件概率和独立性的关系。
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PROBABILITY

PART 1 Basic theoretical probability

PART 2 Basic set operations

PART 3 Experimental probability

PART 4 Multiplication rule for independent events

PART 5 Multiplication rule for dependent events

PART 6 Conditional probability and independence 

 

PART 1 Basic theoretical probability

1. Probability of an event = (# of times it can happen) / (total number of outcomes)

(1) the probability of event A is denoted as P(A),  P(A) = (# of times   can happen) / (total number of outcomes)

(2) the probability of an event can only be between 0 and 1

  • if P(A)=1, then event A is a certain event
  • if P(A)=0, then event A is an impossible event

(3) if P(A) > P(B), then event A has a higher chance of occurring than event B 

(4) if P(A) = P(B), then events A and B are equally likely to occur.

2. The Monty Hall problem

 

PART 2 Basic set operations

1. Set: is a well-defined collection of objects

(1) Element of a set: each object in a set is called an element of the set

(2) Two sets are equal is they have exactly the same elements in them

(3) Null set / Empty set \emptyset: a set that contains no elements

2. Intersection of sets: 

(1) the intersection of two sets of A and B is the set containing all elements of A that also belong to B 

(2) denoted as A \cap B

 

3. Union of sets: 

(1) the union of two sets A and B is the set of elements which are in A, in B, or in both A and B 

(2) denoted as A \cup B

4. Relative complement of set A in B / Difference between set B and

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