HM-3210:创建一个六边形网格使用表面

HM-3210: Create a Hex-Penta Mesh Using SurfacesHM-3210（创建一个六边形网格使用表面）

For some analyses, it is desirable to use a mesh of hexahedral and pentahedralelements. This is especially true for parts which have a large thickness compared to theelement size being used, or for parts that have many features and/or changes in thickness.Castings or forgings are good examples.（在某些分析中，使用六面体和五面体单元的网格是可取的。这尤其适用于与所使用的元件尺寸相比厚度较大的部件，或具有许多特性和/或厚度变化的部件。铸件或锻件就是很好的例子。）

In this tutorial you will learn how to:?Create solids using different functions
?Check and fix improper model connectivity（本练习的目的是向您介绍一些用于创建六五网格的HyperMesh函数。arm_bracket。hm模型被组织成四个IGES层，包括1)基础，2)手臂的第一段，具有恒定的截面和曲率，3)手臂的第二段，具有锥形的截面，4)凸台。）

The objective of this exercise is to introduce you to a number of HyperMesh functionsthat are used to create hexa-penta meshes. The arm_bracket.hm modelis organized into four IGES layers, consisting of 1) the base, 2) the first section ofthe arm, with a constant cross section and curvature, 3) the second section of the arm,with a tapered cross section, and 4) the boss.（本练习的目的是向您介绍一些用于创建六五网格的HyperMesh函数。arm_bracket。hm模型被组织成四个IGES层，包括1)基础，2)手臂的第一段，具有恒定的截面和曲率，3)手臂的第二段，具有锥形的截面，4)凸台。）

Figure 1.
This exercise uses the arm_bracket.hm file, which can be found inthe hm.zip file. Copy the file from this directory to your workingdirectory.

Step 1. Open the Model File

In this step you will open and review the model file, arm_bracket.hm.

1. Start HyperMesh Desktop.
2. From the menu bar, click File > Open > Model.
3. In the Open Model dialog, open the arm_bracket.hm model file.

Step 2. Mesh the Base

In this step you will mesh the top surface of the base, including the L-shaped surface.

1. In the Model Browser, Component folder, right-click on base and select Make Current fromthe context menu.

2. Right-click on base again and select Isolate from the context menu.
   HyperMesh hides all components except forbase.

3. Open the AutoMesh panel by clicking Mesh > Create > 2D AutoMesh from the menu bar.

4. Go to the size and bias subpanel.

5. Shade the model’s geometry and surface edges by clicking onthe Visualization toolbar.

6. Verify that the entity selector is set to surfs.

7. Select the surfaces on the top of the base, including the L-shaped surface atthe intersection of the base and the arm.

Step 3. Create Layers of Hex Elements（步骤3。创建六面体网格）

In this step you will create layers of hex elements for the base.

1. Open the Elem Offset panel by clicking Mesh > Create > 3D Elements Element Offset from the menu bar.

2. Go to the solid layers subpanel.

3. Click elems to offset: elems >> displayed.
   HyperMesh selects the elements on thebase.

4. In the number of layers= field, type 5.

5. In the total thickness= field, type 25.

6. Click offset+.
   The hexa mesh is created.

Step 4. Prepare the Display for Meshing

In this step you will prepare the display for meshing the arm’s curved segment.（在这一步中，你将为基础创建六面体网格）

1. In the Model Browser, Componentfolder, right-click on arm_curve and select Show from the context menu.

2. Open the Mask panel by pressing F5.

3. Click elems >> by config.

4. Click config= and select the hex8 configuration.

5. Click select entities.
   HyperMesh selects the elements with aconfiguration of hex8 in the model.

6. Click mask.
   The element is masked.

7. Return to the main menu by clicking return.

Step 5. Create a Node （创建节点）

In this step you will create a node at the center of the arm radius.

The first segment of the arm can be meshed using the Spin panel. This requires a nodeto be selected as the center point of rotation. In this step, you will use theDistance panel, 3 nodes subpanel to create a node that will be used as the centerpoint of rotation.

1. Open the Distance panel by pressing F4.

2. Go to the three nodes subpanel.

3. Verify that the N1 node selector is active.

4. While pressing the left mouse button, move it over the curved line as indicatedin the following image, and then release it when the cursor changes to .
   HyperMesh highlights the line.

5. Click three locations along the selected line. The active selector advancesfrom N1 to N2 to N3, and HyperMesh creates thetemporary nodes on the selected curved line of the arm.

6. Click circle center.
   The node is created at the center.
   Note: You will use this node in thenext step when you mesh the arm.

7. Return to the main menu by clicking return.

Step 6. Create Hexa Elements Using Spin（步骤6。使用旋转创建Hexa元素）

In this step you will create hexa elements in the curved portion of the arm using spin.（在这一步中，你将在手臂的弯曲部分使用旋转创建六面体网格）

1. In the Model Browser, Component folder, right-click on arm_curve and select MakeCurrent from the context menu.
2. Open the Spin panel by clicking Mesh > Create > 3D Elements > Spin from the menu bar.
3. Go to the spin elems subpanel.
4. Click 2d elems: elems >> by window.
5. Select the plate elements within the L-shaped cross section of the arm asindicated in the following image.
6. Click select entities.
7. In the angle= field, type 90 degrees.
8. Set the orientation vector to x-axis (Y-Z plane).
9. Select the center node you created in step 5 for the base node(B).
10. In the on spin= field, type 24.

Note: This option determines how many layers of hex elements HyperMesh creates when the plate elements arespun.

11. Click spin-.
12. Return to the main menu by clicking return

Step 7. Create Faces on Hex Elements（步骤7。在六面体网格上创造面）

In this step you will create faces on hex elements.

1. Open the Faces panel by clicking Mesh > Check > Components > Faces from the menu bar.
2. Set the entity selector to comps.
3. Click comps >> arm_curve.
4. Click select.
5. Click find faces.
   HyperMesh creates 2D shell elements on thefree faces of every 3D solid element in the component and places them in a newcomponent named ^faces.
   Note: The ^faces component is created with itsvisualization set to wireframe, therefore you will not be able to see thenew elements right away if the arm_curve component is displayed and inshaded mode.（HyperMesh在组件中每个3D实体元素的自由面上创建2D外壳元素，并将它们放在名为^faces的新组件中。

注意:^faces组件创建时的可视化设置为线框，因此如果arm_curve组件显示为阴影模式，则不能立即看到新元素。）

6. Shade the model’s elements and mesh line by clicking on the Visualization toolbar.
   The graphics area now displays the elements in the ^facescomponent（6. 通过单击Visualization工具栏，为模型的元素和网格线添加阴影。

图形区域现在显示^facescomponent中的元素。）

Step 8. Prepare the Display for Meshing（步骤8。准备网格显示）

In this step you will prepare the display for meshing the second armsegment

From the Model Browser, turn on the display of the arm_straight and ^facescomponents.

Step 9. Mesh L-Shaped Surfaces(网格L形曲面)

In this step you will mesh the L-shaped set of surfaces between the arm_straight andboss components.(在这一步中，你将在arm_straight和boss组件之间网格化一组l形的表面。)

1. In the Model Browser, Component folder, right-click on arm_straight and select MakeCurrrent from the context menu.
2. Open the Automesh panel.
3. Select the three surfaces lying on the intersection between the arm_straightand boss components as indicated in the following image.

Note: These surfaces are all in the arm_straight component.

4. Set the meshing mode to interactive. (4. 设置网格模式为交互模式。)
5. Click mesh. The meshing module opens.
6. Go to the density subpanel. (6. 转到密度子面板。)
7. Adjust the density of each edge to obtain a mesh that matches the followingimage. (调整每条边的密度，以获得与下图匹配的网格。)

Note: This mesh pattern matches the mesh pattern at the intersection of the twoarm segments. This is necessary for the next step.(注:此网格图案与两臂段交点处的网格图案相匹配。这对于下一步是必要的。)

8. Click mesh. The mesh density is updated.
9. Create the elements and go back to the main menu by clicking return twice.

Step 10. Use Linear Solids to Build the Mesh(第10步。使用线性固体来构建网格)

In this step you will use linear solid to build the mesh between the two set of shell elements.(在这一步中，您将使用线性实体来构建两组壳单元之间的网格)

1. Open the Linear Solid panel by clicking Mesh > Create > 3D Elements > Linear 3D from the menu bar.
2. Activate the from: elems selector.
3. Select the ^faces elements lying on the intersectionbetween the first and second arm segments as indicated in the followingimage.

Note: Quickly select all of the necessary elements by selecting one of theelements and then clicking from: elems >>by face.（注意:通过选择其中一个元素快速选择所有必要的元素，然后单击from: elems >>by face）

4. Activate the to: elems selector.

5. Select the shell elements between the arm and boss that you created using theAutomesh panel in Step 9.

6. Activate the from: alignment: N1 selector.

7. Select three nodes on one of the “from elements” that you selected in step 10.3as indicated in the image that follows.

8. Activate the to: alignment: N1 selector.

9. Select three nodes on the “to element” that corresponds to the "from element"with the three “from nodes” as indicated in the following image.

10. In the density= field, type 12.

11. Click solids.
    The mesh is created.

12. Return to the main menu by clicking return.

Step 11. Prepare the Display to Mesh the Boss（准备显示以网格Boss）

In this step you will prepare the display for meshing the boss.

In the Model Browser, Componentfolder, right_click on boss and select Show from the context menu.

Step 12. Create a Shell Mesh（创建一个壳单元网格）

In this step you will create a shell mesh on the bottom of the boss.（在这一步中，你将在boss的底部创建一个外壳网格。）

1. In the Model Browser, Component folder, right-click on bossand select Make Current from the context menu.

2. Open the Automesh panel.

3. Select the five surfaces on the bottom face of the boss as indicated in thefollowing image.

4. Click mesh.
   The meshing module opens.

5. Adjust the density of each edge to obtain a mesh that matches the followingimage.

6. Click mesh.
   The mesh density is updated.

7. Return to the main menu by clicking return twice.

Step 13. Project a Node（投影节点）

In this step you will project a node to the bottom face of the boss.（在这一步中，您将把一个节点投影到boss的底部面）节点投影到平面或者线，或者表面上。
9. Open the Project panel by clicking Mesh > Project > Nodes from the menu bar.
10. Go to the to line subpanel.
11. Select the node on the rightmost top vertex as indicated in the image that follows.
12. Click nodes >> duplicate.
13. Activate the to line: line list selector.
14. Select the line on the boss’s top face as indicated in the followingimage.
15. Set the along vector to x-axis.
16. Click project.
The node projects to the line.

17. Return to the main menu by clicking return.

Step 14. Generate Hexas Using Solid Map Panel(步骤14。生成六边形使用立体地图面板)

In this step you will generate hexas for the boss using the Solid Mappanel.(在这一步中，你将使用实体地图面板为boss生成hexas。)

1. Open the Solid Map panel by clicking Mesh > Create > Solid Map Mesh from the menu bar.
2. Go to the general subpanel.
3. Click the source geom switch and select none.
4. Activate the dest geom: surf selector.
5. Select the top surface of the boss as indicated in the following image.
6. Click the along geom switch and select mixed.
7. Activate the along geom: mixed lines selector.
8. Select the line indicated in the image that follows.
9. Activate the along geom: mixed node path selector.
10. Select the 13 nodes as indicated in the following image, to define the exactlocation of the solid element layers.(选择如下图所示的13个节点，定义实体元素层的确切位置。)

Note: A total of 13 nodes should be selected, starting at the boss mesh, andthen using all of the nodes along the edge of the arm_straight component,ending with the node projected to the top of the boss. (注意:总共应该选择13个节点，从boss网格开始，然后使用所有沿arm_straight组件边缘的节点，以投影到boss顶部的节点结束。)

11. Click elems to drag: elems >> by collector >>boss.

12. Click select.

13. Click mesh.
    HyperMesh creates the elements and completesthe mesh on this part.

14. Return to the main menu by clicking return.

Step 15. Check Connectivity(步骤15。检查连接)

In this optional step you will check the connectivity of the model.

1. Go to the Faces panel.

2. Click comps.
   A list of components displays.

3. Select every component from the list, or select comps >>all.

4. Click select.

5. Click find faces.

6. From the Model Browser, turn off the geometry display ofall components.

7. Turn off the element display of all components except ^faces.

8. Exit the panel by clicking return.

9. From the Post page, select hidden line.

10. Select the xz plane and trimplane checkboxes.

11. Click show plot.
    HyperMesh displays the faces with a planecutting the model in half.
    Note: This allows you to review the interior of themodel.
    Click near the cutting plane, hold the left mouse button down, and move yourmouse back and forth.
    The cutting plane moves through the model, allowing you to see if anyface elements exist on the interior of the model.(HyperMesh用行星将模型切成两半来显示面部。

注意:这允许你检查模型的内部。
)
Note: You should see that thereare face elements interior to the model, between the boss and arm. You needto perform some corrections on the connectivity.

13. Return to the main menu by clicking return.

Step 16. Correct Connectivity(步骤16。正确的连接)

In this optional step you will correct the connectivity of the model.

1. In the Model Browser, display the elements for allcomponents except ^faces.

2. Display the model’s elements as transparent by clicking on the Visualization toolbar.

3. Go to the Faces panel.

4. Set the entity selector to elems.

5. Click elems >> displayed.

6. Click preview equiv.
   HyperMesh highlights coincident nodes on theintersection between the arm and the boss.

7. Specify a slightly larger value in the tolerance= field and then click preview equiv.
   HyperMesh identifies more coincident nodeson the intersection.

8. Repeat Step 16.7 until all 60 coincident nodes have been found.

9. Click equivalence.
   HyperMesh replaces the nodes to the locationof the lowest node ID.

10. Switch all the components to the shaded visual mode.

Step 17. Recheck Connectivity 步骤17。重新检查连接

In this optional step you will recheck the connectivity of the model.

Repeat Step 15 to make sure the model is now equivalenced. If you find errors,repeat Step 16.