uboot常用命令

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-29 09:45:48 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-29 09:45:48 发布

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分类专栏： uboot 文章标签： linux arm c语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Calmer_/article/details/131572524

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一、help命令

1、第一种用法：

(1) 输入命令：help 或者 ?

(2) 作用：显示所有可用的命令列表；

(3) 结果：

=> help
? - alias for 'help'
base - print or set address offset
bdinfo - print Board Info structure
bmode - sd1|sd2|qspi1|normal|usb|sata|ecspi1:0|ecspi1:1|ecspi1:2|ecspi1:3|esdhc1|esdhc2|esdhc3|esdhc4 [noreset]
boot - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
bootd - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
bootelf - Boot from an ELF image in memory
bootm - boot application image from memory
bootp - boot image via network using BOOTP/TFTP protocol
bootvx - Boot vxWorks from an ELF image
bootz - boot Linux zImage image from memory
clocks - display clocks
cmp - memory compare
coninfo - print console devices and information
cp - memory copy
crc32 - checksum calculation
dcache - enable or disable data cache
dhcp - boot image via network using DHCP/TFTP protocol
dm - Driver model low level access
echo - echo args to console
editenv - edit environment variable
env - environment handling commands
erase - erase FLASH memory
exit - exit script
ext2load- load binary file from a Ext2 filesystem
ext2ls - list files in a directory (default /)
ext4load- load binary file from a Ext4 filesystem
ext4ls - list files in a directory (default /)
ext4size- determine a file's size
ext4write- create a file in the root directory
false - do nothing, unsuccessfully
fatinfo - print information about filesystem
fatload - load binary file from a dos filesystem
fatls - list files in a directory (default /)
fatsize - determine a file's size
fatwrite- write file into a dos filesystem
fdt - flattened device tree utility commands
flinfo - print FLASH memory information
fstype - Look up a filesystem type
fuse - Fuse sub-system
go - start application at address 'addr'
gpio - query and control gpio pins
help - print command description/usage
i2c - I2C sub-system
icache - enable or disable instruction cache
iminfo - print header information for application image
imxtract- extract a part of a multi-image
itest - return true/false on integer compare
load - load binary file from a filesystem
loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)
loads - load S-Record file over serial line
loadx - load binary file over serial line (xmodem mode)
loady - load binary file over serial line (ymodem mode)
loop - infinite loop on address range
ls - list files in a directory (default /)
md - memory display
mdio - MDIO utility commands
mii - MII utility commands
mm - memory modify (auto-incrementing address)
mmc - MMC sub system
mmcinfo - display MMC info
mtest - simple RAM read/write test
mw - memory write (fill)
nfs - boot image via network using NFS protocol
nm - memory modify (constant address)
ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host
pmic - PMIC
printenv- print environment variables
protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection
reset - Perform RESET of the CPU
run - run commands in an environment variable
save - save file to a filesystem
saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage
setenv - set environment variables
setexpr - set environment variable as the result of eval expression
sf - SPI flash sub-system
showvar - print local hushshell variables
size - determine a file's size
sleep - delay execution for some time
source - run script from memory
test - minimal test like /bin/sh
tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol
true - do nothing, successfully
usb - USB sub-system
usbboot - boot from USB device
version - print monitor, compiler and linker version
=>

2、第二种用法：

(1) 输入命令：help(或?) 命令名

(2) 作用：可以查看命令的详细用法

(3) 结果：以“bootz”这个命令为例

=> help bootz
bootz - boot Linux zImage image from memory

Usage:
bootz [addr [initrd[:size]] [fdt]]
- boot Linux zImage stored in memory
The argument 'initrd' is optional and specifies the address
of the initrd in memory. The optional argument ':size' allows
specifying the size of RAW initrd.
When booting a Linux kernel which requires a flat device-tree
a third argument is required which is the address of the
device-tree blob. To boot that kernel without an initrd image,
use a '-' for the second argument. If you do not pass a third
a bd_info struct will be passed instead

=>

二、信息查询命令

常用的和信息查询有关的命令有 3 个： bdinfo、 printenv 和 version：

1、bdinfo命令

(1) 输入命令：bdinfo

(2) 作用：用于查看板子信息；

(3) 结果：

=> bdinfo
arch_number = 0x00000000
boot_params = 0x80000100
DRAM bank = 0x00000000
-> start = 0x80000000
-> size = 0x10000000
eth0name = FEC1
ethaddr = b8:ae:1d:01:00:00
current eth = FEC1
ip_addr = 192.168.31.50
baudrate = 115200 bps
TLB addr = 0x8FFF0000
relocaddr = 0x8FF56000
reloc off = 0x08756000
irq_sp = 0x8EF53EA0
sp start = 0x8EF53E90
=>

2、printenv 命令

(1) 输入命令：printenv

(2) 作用：输出环境变量信息；

(3) 结果：

=> printenv
baudrate=115200
board_name=EVK
board_rev=14X14
boot_fdt=try
bootargs=console=ttymxc0,115200 rw nfsroot=192.168.31.116:/home/can/linux/nfs/rootfs ip=192.168.31.50:192.168.31.116:192.168.31.1:255.255.255.0::eth0:off
bootcmd=nfs 80800000 192.168.31.116:/home/can/linux/nfs/zImage;nfs 83000000 192.168.31.116:/home/can/linux/nfs/imx6ull-alientek-emmc.dtb;bootz 80800000 - 83000000
bootcmd_mfg=run mfgtool_args;bootz ${loadaddr} ${initrd_addr} ${fdt_addr};
bootdelay=5
bootfile=/home/can/linux/nfs/zImage
bootscript=echo Running bootscript from mmc ...; source
console=ttymxc0
ethact=FEC1
ethaddr=b8:ae:1d:01:00:00
ethprime=FEC
fdt_addr=0x83000000
fdt_file=imx6ull-14x14-emmc-4.3-800x480-c.dtb
fdt_high=0xffffffff
fileaddr=80800000
filesize=594ba0
findfdt=if test $fdt_file = undefined; then if test $board_name = EVK && test $board_rev = 9X9; then setenv fdt_file imx6ull-9x9-evk.dtb; fi; if test $board_name = EVK && test $board_rev = 14X14; then setenv fdt_file imx6ull-14x14-evk.dtb; fi; if test $fdt_file = undefined; then echo WARNING: Could not determine dtb to use; fi; fi;
gatewayip=192.168.31.1
image=zImage
initrd_addr=0x83800000
initrd_high=0xffffffff
ip_dyn=yes
ipaddr=192.168.31.50
loadaddr=0x80800000
loadbootscript=fatload mmc ${mmcdev}:${mmcpart} ${loadaddr} ${script};
loadfdt=fatload mmc ${mmcdev}:${mmcpart} ${fdt_addr} ${fdt_file}
loadimage=fatload mmc ${mmcdev}:${mmcpart} ${loadaddr} ${image}
logo_file=alientek.bmp
mfgtool_args=setenv bootargs console=${console},${baudrate} rdinit=/linuxrc g_mass_storage.stall=0 g_mass_storage.removable=1 g_mass_storage.file=/fat g_mass_storage.ro=1 g_mass_storage.idVendor=0x066F g_mass_storage.idProduct=0x37FF g_mass_storage.iSerialNumber="" clk_ignore_unused
mmcargs=setenv bootargs console=${console},${baudrate} root=${mmcroot}
mmcautodetect=yes
mmcboot=echo Booting from mmc ...; run mmcargs; if test ${boot_fdt} = yes || test ${boot_fdt} = try; then if run loadfdt; then bootz ${loadaddr} - ${fdt_addr}; else if test ${boot_fdt} = try; then bootz; else echo WARN: Cannot load the DT; fi; fi; else bootz; fi;
mmcdev=1
mmcpart=1
mmcroot=/dev/mmcblk1p2 rootwait rw
netargs=setenv bootargs console=${console},${baudrate} root=/dev/nfs ip=dhcp nfsroot=${serverip}:${nfsroot},v3,tcp
netboot=echo Booting from net ...; run netargs; if test ${ip_dyn} = yes; then setenv get_cmd dhcp; else setenv get_cmd tftp; fi; ${get_cmd} ${image}; if test ${boot_fdt} = yes || test ${boot_fdt} = try; then if ${get_cmd} ${fdt_addr} ${fdt_file}; then bootz ${loadaddr} - ${fdt_addr}; else if test ${boot_fdt} = try; then bootz; else echo WARN: Cannot load the DT; fi; fi; else bootz; fi;
netmask=255.255.255.0
panel=ATK-LCD-4.3-800x480
script=boot.scr
serverip=192.168.31.116
splashimage=0x88000000
splashpos=m,m
stderr=serial
stdin=serial
stdout=serial

Environment size: 2895/8188 bytes
=>

3、version 命令

(1) 输入命令：version

(2) 作用：查看 uboot 的版本号；

(3) 结果：

=> version

U-Boot 2016.03-gee88051 (Nov 05 2021 - 17:58:55 +0800)
arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc (GCC) 5.3.0 //编译器
GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.26.0.20160226
=>

三、环境变量操作命令

环境变量的操作涉及到两个命令： setenv 和 saveenv

1、setenv 命令用于设置或者修改环境变量的值， saveenv 命令用于保存修改后的环境变量：

(1) 比如我们要将环境变量 bootdelay 改为 5，就可以使用如下所示命令：

=> setenv bootdelay 5
=> saveenv
Saving Environment to MMC...
Writing to MMC(1)... done
=>

修改 bootdelay 以后，重启开发板， uboot 就是变为 5 秒倒计时

(2) 有时候我们修改的环境变量值可能会有空格，比如 bootcmd、 bootargs 等，这个时候环境变
量值就得用单引号括起来:

=> setenv bootargs 'console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk1p2 rootwait rw'
=> saveenv
Saving Environment to MMC...
Writing to MMC(1)... done
=>

其中“console=ttymxc0,115200”、“root=/dev/mmcblk1p2”、“rootwait”和“rw”相当于四组“值”，
这四组“值”之间用空格隔开，所以需要使用单引号‘’将其括起来，表示这四组“值”都属
于环境变量 bootargs。

2、新建环境变量

(1) 命令 setenv 也可以用于新建命令，用法和修改环境变量一样，比如我们新建一个环境变量
author， author 的值为 test_cmd，那么就可以使用如下命令：

=> setenv author test_cmd //设置环境变量 author ，值为 test_cmd
=> saveenv
Saving Environment to MMC...
Writing to MMC(1)... done
=> printenv //使用 printenv 查看是否存在环境变量
author=test_cmd //存在
baudrate=115200
board_name=EVK
board_rev=14X14
boot_fdt=try

(2) 删除环境变量，直接设置不赋值就行：

=> setenv author //变量不赋值
=> saveenv
Saving Environment to MMC...
Writing to MMC(1)... done
=> printenv //查看变量已经不存在
baudrate=115200
board_name=EVK
board_rev=14X14
boot_fdt=try

四、网络操作命令

3.1、配置好开发板网络环境：将开发板和主机 PC 都连接到同一个路由器上, 然后设置相关环境变量：

环境变量	描述
ipaddr	开发板 ip 地址，可以不设置，使用 dhcp 命令来从路由器获取 IP 地址。
ethaddr	开发板的 MAC 地址，一定要设置。
gatewayip	网关地址。
netmask	子网掩码。
serverip	服务器 IP 地址，也就是 Ubuntu 主机 IP 地址，用于调试代码。

=> setenv ipaddr 192.168.31.50
=> setenv ethaddr b8:ae:1d:01:00:00
=> setenv gatewayip 192.168.31.1
=> setenv netmask 255.255.255.0
=> setenv serverip 192.168.31.116
=> saveenv
Saving Environment to MMC...
Writing to MMC(1)... done
=>

3.2、uboot 支持大量的网络相关命令，比如 ping、dhcp、nfs 和 tftp；

1、ping 命令

开发板的网络能否使用，是否可以和服务器(Ubuntu 主机)进行通信，通过 ping 命令就可以验证，直接 ping 服务器的 IP 地址即可，比如我的服务器 IP 地址为 192.168.31.116，命令如下：

=> ping 192.168.31.116 //主机 ubuntu ip 地址
FEC1 Waiting for PHY auto negotiation to complete.... done
Using FEC1 device
host 192.168.31.116 is alive //主机存在，ping 成功
=>

注意！只能在 uboot 中 ping 其他的机器，其他机器不能 ping uboot，因为 uboot 没有对 ping
命令做处理，如果用其他的机器 ping uboot 的话会失败！

2、dhcp 命令

用于从路由器获取 IP 地址：

=> dhcp
BOOTP broadcast 1
BOOTP broadcast 2
*** Unhandled DHCP Option in OFFER/ACK: 43
*** Unhandled DHCP Option in OFFER/ACK: 43
DHCP client bound to address 192.168.31.115 (336 ms) //获取到的 ip 地址
Using FEC1 device
TFTP from server 192.168.31.1; our IP address is 192.168.31.115
Filename '/home/can/linux/nfs/zImage'.
Load address: 0x80800000
Loading: T T T T

3、nfs 命令

一般使用 uboot 中的 nfs 命令将 Ubuntu 中的文件下载到开发板的 DRAM 中，在使用之前需要开启 Ubuntu 主机的 NFS 服务，并且要新建一个 NFS 使用的目录，以后所有要通过NFS 访问的文件都需要放到这个 NFS 目录中。

=> help nfs
nfs - boot image via network using NFS protocol

Usage:
nfs [loadAddress] [[hostIPaddr:]bootfilename]
=>

loadAddress 是要保存的 DRAM 地址， [[hostIPaddr:]bootfilename]是要下载的文件地址。

用例：

bootcmd=nfs 80800000 192.168.31.116:/home/can/linux/nfs/zImage;nfs 83000000 192.168.31.116:/home/can/linux/nfs/imx6ull-alientek-emmc.dtb;bootz 80800000 - 8300000

4、tftp 命令

tftp 命令的作用和 nfs 命令一样，都是用于通过网络下载东西到 DRAM 中，只是 tftp 命令使用的 TFTP 协议， Ubuntu 主机作为 TFTP 服务器，需要在 Ubuntu 上搭建 TFTP 服务器。

五、EMMC操作命令

mmc 是一系列的命令，其后可以跟不同的参数，输入“？ mmc”即可查看 mmc 有关的命令：

=> ? mmc
mmc - MMC sub system

Usage:
mmc info - display info of the current MMC device
mmc read addr blk# cnt
mmc write addr blk# cnt
mmc erase blk# cnt
mmc rescan
mmc part - lists available partition on current mmc device
mmc dev [dev] [part] - show or set current mmc device [partition]
mmc list - lists available devices
mmc hwpartition [args...] - does hardware partitioning
arguments (sizes in 512-byte blocks):
[user [enh start cnt] [wrrel {on|off}]] - sets user data area attributes
[gp1|gp2|gp3|gp4 cnt [enh] [wrrel {on|off}]] - general purpose partition
[check|set|complete] - mode, complete set partitioning completed
WARNING: Partitioning is a write-once setting once it is set to complete.
Power cycling is required to initialize partitions after set to complete.
mmc bootbus dev boot_bus_width reset_boot_bus_width boot_mode
- Set the BOOT_BUS_WIDTH field of the specified device
mmc bootpart-resize <dev> <boot part size MB> <RPMB part size MB>
- Change sizes of boot and RPMB partitions of specified device
mmc partconf dev boot_ack boot_partition partition_access
- Change the bits of the PARTITION_CONFIG field of the specified device
mmc rst-function dev value
- Change the RST_n_FUNCTION field of the specified device
WARNING: This is a write-once field and 0 / 1 / 2 are the only valid values.
mmc setdsr <value> - set DSR register value

=>

命令	描述
mmc info	输出 MMC 设备信息。
mmc read	读取 MMC 中的数据。
mmc write	向 MMC 设备写入数据。
mmc erase	擦除 MMC 设备。
mmc rescan	扫描 MMC 设备。
mmc part	列出 MMC 设备的分区。
mmc dev	切换 MMC 设备。
mmc list	列出当前有效的所有 MMC 设备。
mmc hwpartition	设置 MMC 设备的分区。
mmc bootbus......	设置指定 MMC 设备的 BOOT_BUS_WIDTH 域的值。
mmc bootpart......	设置指定 MMC 设备的 boot 和 RPMB 分区的大小。
mmc partconf......	设置指定 MMC 设备的 boot 和 RPMB 分区的大小。
mmc rst	复位 MMC 设备。
mmc setdsr	设置 DSR 寄存器的值。