C++ Primer Plus第六版编程练习10.5解答

PS：这题的关键是要了解“栈”这种数据结构的存储形式，要知道top指向的不是栈顶的元素，而是栈顶元素的下一位！

所以才有：栈空是top==0，栈满是top==MAX。

stack.h

// stack.h -- class definition for the stack ADT
#ifndef STACK_H_
#define STACK_H_

struct Customer
{
    char fullname[35];
    double payment;
};

typedef Customer Item;

class Stack
{
private:
    enum {MAX = 10};    // constant specific to class
    Item customers[MAX];    // holds stack items
    double sum;         //store the summation of payment
    int top;            // index for top stack item
public:
    Stack();
    bool isempty() const;
    bool isfull() const;
    // push() returns false if stack already is full, true otherwise
    bool push(const Item & customer);   // add item to stack
    // pop() returns false if stack already is empty, true otherwise
    bool pop(Item & customer);          // pop top into item
    double returnSum() const;
};

#endif

stack.cpp

// stack.cpp -- Stack member functions
#include "stack.h"

Stack::Stack()    // create an empty stack
{
    top = 0;
    sum=0.0;
}

bool Stack::isempty() const
{
    return top == 0;
}

bool Stack::isfull() const
{
    return top == MAX;
}

bool Stack::push(const Item & customer)
{
    if (top < MAX)
    {
        customers[top++] = customer;
        return true;
    }
    else
        return false;
}

bool Stack::pop(Item & customer)
{
    if (top > 0)
    {
        sum += customers[--top].payment;
        //注意不是sum+=customers[top].payment，因为top标记的其实是栈顶元素的下一位
        customer = customers[top];
        return true;
    }
    else
        return false;
}

double Stack::returnSum() const
{
    return sum;
}

main.cpp

// stacker.cpp -- testing the Stack class
#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>  // or ctype.h
#include "stack.h"
int main()
{
    using namespace std;
    Stack st; // create an empty stack
    char ch;
    Customer cu;
    cout << "Please enter A to add a customer,\n"
         << "P to process a customer, or Q to quit.\n";
    while (cin >> ch && toupper(ch) != 'Q')
    {
        while (cin.get() != '\n')
            continue;
        if (!isalpha(ch))
        {
            cout << '\a';
            continue;
        }
        switch(ch)
        {
        case 'A':
        case 'a':
            cout << "Enter customer's name: ";
            cin.getline(cu.fullname,35);
            cout << "Enter payment: ";
            cin>>cu.payment;
            if (st.isfull())
                cout << "stack already full\n";
            else
                st.push(cu);
            break;
        case 'P':
        case 'p':
            if (st.isempty())
                cout << "stack already empty\n";
            else
            {
                st.pop(cu);
                cout << cu.fullname << " payed.\n";
                cout << "Now the summation of payment is " << st.returnSum() << " yuan.\n";
            }
            break;
        }
        cout << "\nPlease enter A to add a customer,\n"
             << "P to process a customer, or Q to quit.\n";
    }
    cout << "\nBye\n";
    return 0;
}