Primitive Roots
Time Limit: 1000MS | Memory Limit: 10000K | |
Total Submissions: 2637 | Accepted: 1486 |
Description
We say that integer x, 0 < x < p, is a primitive root modulo odd prime p if and only if the set { (x
i mod p) | 1 <= i <= p-1 } is equal to { 1, ..., p-1 }. For example, the consecutive powers of 3 modulo 7 are 3, 2, 6, 4, 5, 1, and thus 3 is a primitive root modulo 7.
Write a program which given any odd prime 3 <= p < 65536 outputs the number of primitive roots modulo p.
Write a program which given any odd prime 3 <= p < 65536 outputs the number of primitive roots modulo p.
Input
Each line of the input contains an odd prime numbers p. Input is terminated by the end-of-file seperator.
Output
For each p, print a single number that gives the number of primitive roots in a single line.
Sample Input
23 31 79
Sample Output
10 8 24
Source
给你一个奇素数,让你求它原根的个数。
m是正整数,a是整数,若a模m的阶等于φ(m),则称a为模m的一个原根。(其中φ(m)表示m的欧拉函数)
假设一个数g对于P来说是原根,那么g^i mod P的结果两两不同,且有 1<g<P, 0<i<P,那么g可以称为是P的一个原根,归根到底就是g^(P-1) = 1 (mod P)当且当指数为P-1的时候成立.(这里P是素数).
简单来说,g^i mod p ≠ g^j mod p (p为素数)
其中i≠j且i, j介於1至(p-1)之间
则g为p的原根。
【算法】定理1:如果p有原根,则它恰有φ(φ(p))个不同的原根(无论p是否为素数都适用)
{x^i%p | 1 <= i <= p - 1} = {1,2,...,p-1} 等价于
{x^i%(p-1) | 1 <= i <= p - 1} = {0,1,2,...,p-2},
即为(p-1)的完全剩余系若x,x2...x(p-1)是(p-1)的完全剩余系,根据定理,可以推出若
gcd(x, p-1) = 1时, (1,x,...,x(p-2))也是(p-1)的完全剩余系
因为若x^i != x^j (mod p-1),那么x*x^i != x*x^j (mod p-1),
与条件m矛盾,所以 x^i = x^j (mod p-1),
由此可以确定答案为Euler(p-1)
//388K 16MS
#include<stdio.h>
int eular(int n){
int ret=1,i;
for (i=2;i*i<=n;i++)
if (n%i==0){
n/=i,ret*=i-1;
while (n%i==0)
n/=i,ret*=i;
}
if (n>1)
ret*=n-1;
return ret;
}
int main()
{
int c,n;
while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF)
{
printf("%d\n",eular(n-1));
}
return 0;
}