数据科学分布——均匀分布

概念

在概率论和统计学中，均匀分布也叫矩形分布，它是对称概率分布，在相同长度间隔的分布概率是等可能的。 均匀分布由两个参数a和b定义，它们是数轴上的最小值和最大值，通常缩写为U（a，b）。

# 加载功能包
import numpy as np
import scipy.stats as stats
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.style as style
from IPython.core.display import HTML

# 指定大小
%matplotlib inline
style.use('fivethirtyeight')
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize']=(14,7)
plt.figure(dpi=100)

# PDF 概率密度函数
plt.plot(np.linspace(-4,4,100),stats.uniform.pdf(np.linspace(-4,4,100)))
# linspace选择取值；uniform为均匀分布
plt.fill_between(np.linspace(-4,4,100),stats.uniform.pdf(np.linspace(-4,4,100)),alpha=.15)
# 进行图像填充

# CDF累计概率密度函数
plt.plot(np.linspace(-4,4,100),stats.uniform.cdf(np.linspace(-4,4,100)))

# 补充图设置：LEGEND、TICKS与TITLE
plt.text(x=-1.5, y=0.7, s="PDF(normed)", rotation=65, alpha = 75, weight="bold", color="#008fd5")
plt.text(x=0.5, y=0.5, s="CDF", rotation=55, alpha = 75, weight="bold", color="#fc4f30")
plt.tick_params(axis = 'both', which ='major', labelsize = 18)
plt.axhline(y = 0, color ='black', linewidth = 1.3, alpha = 7)
plt.text(x = -5, y = 1.055, s = "Normal Distribution - Overview", fontsize = 26, weight = 'bold', alpha = .75)

a与b的影响

plt.figure(dpi=100)

# PDF loc=0, scale=1
plt.plot(np.linspace(-8,8,100),stats.uniform.pdf(np.linspace(-8,8,100),loc=0,scale=1))
plt.fill_between(np.linspace(-8,8,100),stats.uniform.pdf(np.linspace(-8,8,100),loc=0,scale=1),alpha=.15)

# PDF loc=0, scale=2
plt.plot(np.linspace(-8,8,100),stats.uniform.pdf(np.linspace(-8,8,100),loc=0,scale=2))
plt.fill_between(np.linspace(-8,8,100),stats.uniform.pdf(np.linspace(-8,8,100),loc=0,scale=2),alpha=.15)

# PDF loc=-3, scale=3
plt.plot(np.linspace(-8,8,100),stats.uniform.pdf(np.linspace(-4,4,100),loc=-3,scale=3))
plt.fill_between(np.linspace(-8,8,100),stats.uniform.pdf(np.linspace(-4,4,100),loc=-3,scale=3),alpha=.15)

# LEGEND TICKS TITLE
plt.text(x=-1.5, y=0.65, s="loc=0,scale=1", rotation=65, alpha = 75, weight="bold", color="#008fd5")
plt.text(x=2, y=0.65, s="loc=0,scale=2", rotation=65, alpha = 75, weight="bold", color="#fc4f30")
plt.text(x=-3.5, y=0.65, s="loc=-3,scale=3", rotation=65, alpha = 75, weight="bold", color="#e5ae38")
plt.tick_params(axis = 'both', which ='major', labelsize = 18)
plt.axhline(y = 0, color ='black', linewidth = 1.3, alpha = 7)
plt.text(x = -5, y = 1.1, s = "Normal Distribution - loc and scale", fontsize = 26, weight = 'bold', alpha = .75)