利用python学习OpenCV,个人感觉比较方便。函数的形式与C++基本相同,所以切换过来还是比较好的,对于像我这种对python不太熟练的人,使用python的集成开发环境PyCharm进行学习,可以设置断点调试,有助于我这类初学者理解掌握。
下面是学习直方图的相关基本代码:
# coding:utf-8
__author__ = 'Microcosm'
import cv2
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
file = "E:\python\Python Project\opencv_showimage\images\lena.jpg"
img = cv2.imread(file, 0)
# OpenCV 函数
hist = cv2.calcHist([img],[0],None,[256],[0,256])
plt.plot(hist, color='r')
plt.xlim([0,256])
plt.show()
# Numpy 函数
# ravel 是将矩阵拉成列向量
plt.hist(img.ravel(),256,[0,256])
plt.xlim([0,256])
plt.show()
# 彩色图像直方图
img = cv2.imread(file,1)
color = ('b','g','r')
for i,col in enumerate(color):
hist = cv2.calcHist([img],[i],None,[256],[0,256])
plt.plot(hist,color=col)
plt.xlim([0,256])
plt.show()
# 设置掩膜,只统计掩膜区域的直方图
# 创造一个掩膜
img = cv2.imread(file,0)
mask = np.zeros(img.shape[:2], np.uint8)
mask[100:300,100:400] = 255
masked_img = cv2.bitwise_and(img,img,mask=mask)
hist_full = cv2.calcHist([img],[0],None,[256],[0,256])
hist_mask = cv2.calcHist([img],[0],mask,[256],[0,256])
plt.subplot(221),plt.imshow(img,"gray")
plt.subplot(222),plt.imshow(mask,"gray")
plt.subplot(223),plt.imshow(masked_img,"gray")
plt.subplot(224),plt.plot(hist_full,color='r'),plt.plot(hist_mask,color='g'),plt.xlim([0,256])
plt.show()
# 直方图均衡化
img = cv2.imread(file, 0)
equ = cv2.equalizeHist(img)
res = np.hstack((img, equ)) # 将图像拼在一起
cv2.namedWindow("equ")
cv2.imshow("equ", res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
# CLAHE 有限对比适应性直方图均衡化,效果更好
clahe = cv2.createCLAHE(clipLimit=2.0, tileGridSize=(8,8))
cl1 = clahe.apply(img)
res1 = np.hstack((equ, cl1)) # 将图像拼在一起
cv2.imshow("CLAHE", res1)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
# 2D 直方图
img = cv2.imread(file, 1)
img_hsv = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
hist = cv2.calcHist([img_hsv],[0,1],None,[180,256],[0,180,0,256])
plt.imshow(hist, interpolation='nearest'), plt.xlabel("S"), plt.ylabel("H")
plt.show()
RGB颜色直方图:
有掩膜的直方图:
直方图均衡化:
有限对比适应性直方图均衡化,效果更好:
2D直方图: