Transformer模块的相关代码实现/缝合模块/即插即用模块

代码描述：

1. 数据生成：generate_data函数生成序列数据用于训练。
2. 注意力机制：定义了缩放点积注意力和多头注意力机制。
3. 前馈神经网络：定义了前馈神经网络层。
4. 编码器和解码器层：定义了编码器层和解码器层。
5. 编码器和解码器：定义了完整的编码器和解码器结构。
6. Transformer模型：构建了完整的Transformer模型。
7. 训练和预测：定义了模型的训练过程，并进行训练

完整代码

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Input, Dense, LayerNormalization, Dropout, Embedding
from tensorflow.keras.models import Model
import time

# 数据生成
def generate_data(num_samples, sequence_length, vocab_size):
    X = np.random.randint(0, vocab_size, (num_samples, sequence_length))
    y = np.random.randint(0, vocab_size, (num_samples, sequence_length))
    return X, y

num_samples = 1000
sequence_length = 20
vocab_size = 50

X, y = generate_data(num_samples, sequence_length, vocab_size)

def scaled_dot_product_attention(q, k, v, mask):
    matmul_qk = tf.matmul(q, k, transpose_b=True)
    dk = tf.cast(tf.shape(k)[-1], tf.float32)
    scaled_attention_logits = matmul_qk / tf.math.sqrt(dk)

    if mask is not None:
        scaled_attention_logits += (mask * -1e9)

    attention_weights = tf.nn.softmax(scaled_attention_logits, axis=-1)
    output = tf.matmul(attention_weights, v)

    return output, attention_weights

class MultiHeadAttention(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, d_model, num_heads):
        super(MultiHeadAttention, self).__init__()
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.d_model = d_model

        assert d_model % self.num_heads == 0

        self.depth = d_model // self.num_heads

        self.wq = Dense(d_model)
        self.wk = Dense(d_model)
        self.wv = Dense(d_model)

        self.dense = Dense(d_model)

    def split_heads(self, x, batch_size):
        x = tf.reshape(x, (batch_size, -1, self.num_heads, self.depth))
        return tf.transpose(x, perm=[0, 2, 1, 3])

    def call(self, v, k, q, mask):
        batch_size = tf.shape(q)[0]

        q = self.wq(q)
        k = self.wk(k)
        v = self.wv(v)

        q = self.split_heads(q, batch_size)
        k = self.split_heads(k, batch_size)
        v = self.split_heads(v, batch_size)

        scaled_attention, attention_weights = scaled_dot_product_attention(q, k, v, mask)
        scaled_attention = tf.transpose(scaled_attention, perm=[0, 2, 1, 3])
        concat_attention = tf.reshape(scaled_attention, (batch_size, -1, self.d_model))

        output = self.dense(concat_attention)

        return output, attention_weights

def point_wise_feed_forward_network(d_model, dff):
    return tf.keras.Sequential([
        Dense(dff, activation='relu'),
        Dense(d_model)
    ])

class EncoderLayer(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, d_model, num_heads, dff, rate=0.1):
        super(EncoderLayer, self).__init__()

        self.mha = MultiHeadAttention(d_model, num_heads)
        self.ffn = point_wise_feed_forward_network(d_model, dff)

        self.layernorm1 = LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)
        self.layernorm2 = LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)

        self.dropout1 = Dropout(rate)
        self.dropout2 = Dropout(rate)

    def call(self, x, training, mask):
        attn_output, _ = self.mha(x, x, x, mask)
        attn_output = self.dropout1(attn_output, training=training)
        out1 = self.layernorm1(x + attn_output)

        ffn_output = self.ffn(out1)
        ffn_output = self.dropout2(ffn_output, training=training)
        out2 = self.layernorm2(out1 + ffn_output)

        return out2

class DecoderLayer(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, d_model, num_heads, dff, rate=0.1):
        super(DecoderLayer, self).__init__()

        self.mha1 = MultiHeadAttention(d_model, num_heads)
        self.mha2 = MultiHeadAttention(d_model, num_heads)

        self.ffn = point_wise_feed_forward_network(d_model, dff)

        self.layernorm1 = LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)
        self.layernorm2 = LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)
        self.layernorm3 = LayerNormalization(epsilon=1e-6)

        self.dropout1 = Dropout(rate)
        self.dropout2 = Dropout(rate)
        self.dropout3 = Dropout(rate)

    def call(self, x, enc_output, training, look_ahead_mask, padding_mask):
        attn1, attn_weights_block1 = self.mha1(x, x, x, look_ahead_mask)
        attn1 = self.dropout1(attn1, training=training)
        out1 = self.layernorm1(x + attn1)

        attn2, attn_weights_block2 = self.mha2(enc_output, enc_output, out1, padding_mask)
        attn2 = self.dropout2(attn2, training=training)
        out2 = self.layernorm2(out1 + attn2)

        ffn_output = self.ffn(out2)
        ffn_output = self.dropout3(ffn_output, training=training)
        out3 = self.layernorm3(out2 + ffn_output)

        return out3, attn_weights_block1, attn_weights_block2

class Encoder(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, num_layers, d_model, num_heads, dff, input_vocab_size, maximum_position_encoding, rate=0.1):
        super(Encoder, self).__init__()

        self.d_model = d_model
        self.num_layers = num_layers

        self.embedding = Embedding(input_vocab_size, d_model)
        self.pos_encoding = positional_encoding(maximum_position_encoding, self.d_model)

        self.enc_layers = [EncoderLayer(d_model, num_heads, dff, rate) for _ in range(num_layers)]
        self.dropout = Dropout(rate)

    def call(self, x, training, mask):
        seq_len = tf.shape(x)[1]

        x = self.embedding(x)
        x *= tf.math.sqrt(tf.cast(self.d_model, tf.float32))
        x += self.pos_encoding[:, :seq_len, :]

        x = self.dropout(x, training=training)

        for i in range(self.num_layers):
            x = self.enc_layers[i](x, training, mask)

        return x

class Decoder(tf.keras.layers.Layer):
    def __init__(self, num_layers, d_model, num_heads, dff, target_vocab_size, maximum_position_encoding, rate=0.1):
        super(Decoder, self).__init__()

        self.d_model = d_model
        self.num_layers = num_layers

        self.embedding = Embedding(target_vocab_size, d_model)
        self.pos_encoding = positional_encoding(maximum_position_encoding, self.d_model)

        self.dec_layers = [DecoderLayer(d_model, num_heads, dff, rate) for _ in range(num_layers)]
        self.dropout = Dropout(rate)

    def call(self, x, enc_output, training, look_ahead_mask, padding_mask):
        seq_len = tf.shape(x)[1]
        attention_weights = {}

        x = self.embedding(x)
        x *= tf.math.sqrt(tf.cast(self.d_model, tf.float32))
        x += self.pos_encoding[:, :seq_len, :]

        x = self.dropout(x, training=training)

        for i in range(self.num_layers):
            x, block1, block2 = self.dec_layers[i](x, enc_output, training, look_ahead_mask, padding_mask)

            attention_weights[f'decoder_layer{i+1}_block1'] = block1
            attention_weights[f'decoder_layer{i+1}_block2'] = block2

        return x, attention_weights

class Transformer(tf.keras.Model):
    def __init__(self, num_layers, d_model, num_heads, dff, input_vocab_size, target_vocab_size, pe_input, pe_target, rate=0.1):
        super(Transformer, self).__init__()

        self.encoder = Encoder(num_layers, d_model, num_heads, dff, input_vocab_size, pe_input, rate)
        self.decoder = Decoder(num_layers, d_model, num_heads, dff, target_vocab_size, pe_target, rate)
        self.final_layer = Dense(target_vocab_size)

    def call(self, inp, tar, training, enc_padding_mask, look_ahead_mask, dec_padding_mask):
        enc_output = self.encoder(inp, training, enc_padding_mask)
        dec_output, attention_weights = self.decoder(tar, enc_output, training, look_ahead_mask, dec_padding_mask)
        final_output = self.final_layer(dec_output)

        return final_output, attention_weights

def create_padding_mask(seq):
    seq = tf.cast(tf.math.equal(seq, 0), tf.float32)
    return seq[:, tf.newaxis, tf.newaxis, :]

def create_look_ahead_mask(size):
    mask = 1 - tf.linalg.band_part(tf.ones((size, size)), -1, 0)
    return mask

def positional_encoding(position, d_model):
    angle_rads = get_angles(np.arange(position)[:, np.newaxis], np.arange(d_model)[np.newaxis, :], d_model)
    angle_rads[:, 0::2] = np.sin(angle_rads[:, 0::2])
    angle_rads[:, 1::2] = np.cos(angle_rads[:, 1::2])

    pos_encoding = angle_rads[np.newaxis, ...]

    return tf.cast(pos_encoding, dtype=tf.float32)

def get_angles(pos, i, d_model):
    angle_rates = 1 / np.power(10000, (2 * (i // 2)) / np.float32(d_model))
    return pos * angle_rates

class CustomSchedule(tf.keras.optimizers.schedules.LearningRateSchedule):
    def __init__(self, d_model, warmup_steps=4000):
        super(CustomSchedule, self).__init__()

        self.d_model = d_model
        self.d_model = tf.cast(self.d_model, tf.float32)

        self.warmup_steps = warmup_steps

    def __call__(self, step):
        arg1 = tf.math.rsqrt(step)
        arg2 = step * (self.warmup_steps ** -1.5)

        return tf.math.rsqrt(self.d_model) * tf.math.minimum(arg1, arg2)

learning_rate = CustomSchedule(d_model=128)
optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate, beta_1=0.9, beta_2=0.98, epsilon=1e-9)

loss_object = tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=True, reduction='none')

def loss_function(real, pred):
    mask = tf.math.logical_not(tf.math.equal(real, 0))
    loss_ = loss_object(real, pred)

    mask = tf.cast(mask, dtype=loss_.dtype)
    loss_ *= mask

    return tf.reduce_sum(loss_) / tf.reduce_sum(mask)

train_loss = tf.keras.metrics.Mean(name='train_loss')

def create_masks(inp, tar):
    enc_padding_mask = create_padding_mask(inp)
    dec_padding_mask = create_padding_mask(inp)
    look_ahead_mask = create_look_ahead_mask(tf.shape(tar)[1])
    dec_target_padding_mask = create_padding_mask(tar)
    combined_mask = tf.maximum(dec_target_padding_mask, look_ahead_mask)

    return enc_padding_mask, combined_mask, dec_padding_mask

num_layers = 4
d_model = 128
dff = 512
num_heads = 8
input_vocab_size = vocab_size + 1
target_vocab_size = vocab_size + 1
dropout_rate = 0.1

transformer = Transformer(num_layers, d_model, num_heads, dff, input_vocab_size, target_vocab_size, pe_input=input_vocab_size, pe_target=target_vocab_size, rate=dropout_rate)

EPOCHS = 20
BATCH_SIZE = 64

# 数据集
dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices((X, y)).shuffle(num_samples).batch(BATCH_SIZE)

for epoch in range(EPOCHS):
    start = time.time()

    train_loss.reset_states()

    for (batch, (inp, tar)) in enumerate(dataset):
        tar_inp = tar[:, :-1]
        tar_real = tar[:, 1:]

        enc_padding_mask, combined_mask, dec_padding_mask = create_masks(inp, tar_inp)

        with tf.GradientTape() as tape:
            predictions, _ = transformer(inp, tar_inp, True, enc_padding_mask, combined_mask, dec_padding_mask)
            loss = loss_function(tar_real, predictions)

        gradients = tape.gradient(loss, transformer.trainable_variables)
        optimizer.apply_gradients(zip(gradients, transformer.trainable_variables))

        train_loss(loss)

        if batch % 50 == 0:
            print(f'Epoch {epoch + 1} Batch {batch} Loss {train_loss.result():.4f}')

    print(f'Epoch {epoch + 1} Loss {train_loss.result():.4f}')
    print(f'Time taken for 1 epoch: {time.time() - start:.2f} secs\n')