第五章 学习笔记
#5.1 一个简单的示例
cars=['audi','bmw','subaru','toyota']
for car in cars:
if car=='bmw':
print(car.upper())
else:
print(car.title())
#5.2 条件测试
#5.2.1 检查是否相等
car='audi'
print(car=='audi')
##条件测试的值为True和False
## 两个等号为相等运算符,两边的值相等则返回True,否则False
#5.2.2 检查是否相等时不考虑大小写
car='Audi'
print(car=='audi')
print(car.lower()=='audi')
print(car)
## 函数lower()不会修改存储在变量car中的值,所以这样的比较不会影响原来的值
#5.2.3 检查是否不相等
requested_topping='mushrooms'
if requested_topping!='anchovies':
print("hold the anchovies!")
#5.2.4 比较数字
answer=17
if answer!=42:
print("that is not the correct answer,please try again!")
print(answer<=17)
print(answer>18)
#5.2.5 检查多个条件
# 1。 使用and 检查多个条件
age_0=22
age_1=18
print(age_0>=21 and age_1>=21)
print(age_0>=21 or age_1>=21)
#5.2.6 检查特定值是否包含在列表中
requested_toppings=['mushrooms','onions','pineapple']
print('mushrooms'in requested_toppings)
##可以检查列表中是否含有特定的值
#5.2.7 检查特定值是否不包含在列表中
user='abc'
if user not in requested_toppings:
print("true")
#5.2.8 布尔表达式
##条件测试的别名
##用于记录条件,在跟踪程序状态或程序中的重要条件方面
game_active=True
can_edit=False
#5.3 if语句
#5.3.1 简单的if语句
age=19
if age>=18:
print("ye")
print("ha ")
##如果两个都缩进,如果条件成立,两个都执行
#5.3.2 if-else语句
age=19
if age<=18:
print("ye")
print("ha ")
else:
print("sorry")
print("!")
#5.3.3 if-elif-else结构
##检查超过两个的情形
age=12
if age<4:
print("cost is 0")
elif age <18:
print("cost is $5")
else:
print("cost is $10")
#简化
age=12
if age<4:
price=0
elif age <18:
price = 5
else:
price = 10
print("cost is "+str(price)+'.')
#5.3.4 使用多个elif代码块
age=12
if age<4:
price=0
elif age <18:
price = 5
elif age<65:
price=10
else:
price = 5
print("cost is "+str(price)+'.')
#5.3.5 省略else代码块
age=12
if age<4:
price=0
elif age <18:
price = 5
elif age<65:
price=10
elif age>=65:
price = 5
print("cost is "+str(price)+'.')
##else可以省略哦
#5.3.6 测试多个条件
cars=['audi','bmw','subaru','toyota']
if 'audi'in cars:
print("adding sudi.")
if 'bmw' in cars:
print("adding bmw.")
if 'abc' in cars:
print("adding abc.")
##如果想运行多个代码块,就用一系列独立的if语句
# 5.4 使用if语句处理列表
# 5.4.1 检查特殊元素
requested_toppings=['mushrooms','onions','pineapple']
for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
print("Adding "+requested_topping+".")
print("\nFinished making your pizza!")
requested_toppings=['mushrooms','onions','pineapple']
for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
if requested_topping =='mushrooms':
print("sorry")
else:
print("Adding "+requested_topping+".")
print("\nFinished making your pizza!")
#5.4.2 确定列表不是空的
requested_toppings=[]
if requested_toppings:
for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
print("Adding " + requested_topping + ".")
print("\nFinished making your pizza!")
else:
print("\nare you sure want a pizza?")
## 首先创建了一个空列表,在if语句中将列表名用在条件表达式里时python将至少包含一个元素时返回True,如果是空就返回false
#5.4.3 使用多个列表
available_toppings=['mushrooms','olives','green peppers','pepperoni','pineapple','extra chess']
requested_toppings=['mushrooms','extra chess','french fries']
for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
if requested_topping in available_toppings:
print("Adding " + requested_topping + ".")
else:
print("sorry!")
print("\nFinished making your pizza!")
#5.5 设置if语句的格式
## 在==、 >=、 <=等比较运算符的两边添加一个空格
GOOD LUCK!!!