C++自增(increment)、自减(decrement)运算符(operator++,operator--)和取值(dereference ,或称解引用)运算符(operator*)的典型写法,其中自增自减运算符分为前置式(prefix)和后置式(postfix)两种。
以简单实现INT自增/自减/取值为例:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class INT
{
friend ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const INT& i);
private:
int m_i;
public:
INT(int i) : m_i(i) {};
// prefix : increment and then fetch
INT& operator ++ ()
{
++(this->m_i);
return *this;
}
// postfix : fetch and then increment
const INT operator ++ (int)
{
INT temp = *this;
++(*this);
return temp;
}
// prefix : decrement and then fetch
INT& operator -- ()
{
--(this->m_i);
return *this;
}
// postfix : fetch and then decrement
const INT operator -- (int)
{
INT temp = *this;
--(*this);
return temp;
}
// dereference
int& operator * () const
{
return (int&)m_i;
//转换操作告诉编译器将const int转换为non-const lvalue
}
};
ostream& operator << (ostream&os, const INT& i)
{
os << i.m_i;
return os;
}
int main()
{
INT I(2);
cout << I++ << endl; //2
cout << ++I << endl; //4
cout << I-- << endl; //4
cout << --I << endl; //2
cout << *I << endl; //2
return 0;
}
参考资料:《STL源码剖析》,侯捷