Uniy Shader 屏幕后处理之边缘检测

原理；

对屏幕的像素进行卷积，得到相邻像素的梯度，来判定像素是否为边缘，再用指定的颜色对边缘像素进行着色。

卷积；

使用一个四方形网格结构（如下图，实际上在代码中是长度为4或者9的数组），将卷积核的中心放置在当前像素，此时卷积核的其他元素也会一一对应当前像素周围的像素。

我们将卷积核的元素与对应的像素的亮度相乘，得到结果，并将结果相加。得到一个梯度值，再将卷积核反转，也就是如上图中一样，将Gx变为Gy（实际代码中是直接定义两个卷积核），再重复操作。得到另一个梯度值

 梯度值越大，越有可能是边缘。

代码

shader部分

Shader "Unity Shaders Book/Chapter 12/Edge Detection" {
	Properties {
		_MainTex ("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
		_EdgeOnly ("Edge Only", Float) = 1.0
		_EdgeColor ("Edge Color", Color) = (0, 0, 0, 1)
		_BackgroundColor ("Background Color", Color) = (1, 1, 1, 1)
	}
	SubShader {
		Pass {  
			ZTest Always Cull Off ZWrite Off
			
			CGPROGRAM
			
			#include "UnityCG.cginc"
			
			#pragma vertex vert  
			#pragma fragment fragSobel
			
			sampler2D _MainTex;  
			uniform half4 _MainTex_TexelSize;
			fixed _EdgeOnly;
			fixed4 _EdgeColor;
			fixed4 _BackgroundColor;
			
			struct v2f {
				float4 pos : SV_POSITION;
				half2 uv[9] : TEXCOORD0;
			};
			  
			v2f vert(appdata_img v) {
				v2f o;
				o.pos = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
				
				half2 uv = v.texcoord;
				
				o.uv[0] = uv + _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * half2(-1, -1);
				o.uv[1] = uv + _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * half2(0, -1);
				o.uv[2] = uv + _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * half2(1, -1);
				o.uv[3] = uv + _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * half2(-1, 0);
				o.uv[4] = uv + _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * half2(0, 0);
				o.uv[5] = uv + _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * half2(1, 0);
				o.uv[6] = uv + _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * half2(-1, 1);
				o.uv[7] = uv + _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * half2(0, 1);
				o.uv[8] = uv + _MainTex_TexelSize.xy * half2(1, 1);
						 
				return o;
			}
			
			fixed luminance(fixed4 color) {
				return  0.2125 * color.r + 0.7154 * color.g + 0.0721 * color.b; 
			}
			
			half Sobel(v2f i) {
				const half Gx[9] = {-1,  0,  1,
										-2,  0,  2,
										-1,  0,  1};
				const half Gy[9] = {-1, -2, -1,
										0,  0,  0,
										1,  2,  1};		
				
				half texColor;
				half edgeX = 0;
				half edgeY = 0;
				for (int it = 0; it < 9; it++) {
					texColor = luminance(tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv[it]));
					edgeX += texColor * Gx[it];
					edgeY += texColor * Gy[it];
				}
				
				half edge = 1 - abs(edgeX) - abs(edgeY);
				
				return edge;
			}
			
			fixed4 fragSobel(v2f i) : SV_Target {
				half edge = Sobel(i);
				
				fixed4 withEdgeColor = lerp(_EdgeColor, tex2D(_MainTex, i.uv[4]), edge);
				fixed4 onlyEdgeColor = lerp(_EdgeColor, _BackgroundColor, edge);
				return lerp(withEdgeColor, onlyEdgeColor, _EdgeOnly);
 			}
			
			ENDCG
		} 
	}
	FallBack Off
}

脚本部分（挂在摄影机）

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

public class EdgeDetection : PostEffectsBase {

	public Shader edgeDetectShader;
	private Material edgeDetectMaterial = null;
	public Material material {  
		get {
			edgeDetectMaterial = CheckShaderAndCreateMaterial(edgeDetectShader, edgeDetectMaterial);
			return edgeDetectMaterial;
		}  
	}

	[Range(0.0f, 1.0f)]
	public float edgesOnly = 0.0f;

	public Color edgeColor = Color.black;
	
	public Color backgroundColor = Color.white;

	void OnRenderImage (RenderTexture src, RenderTexture dest) {
		if (material != null) {
			material.SetFloat("_EdgeOnly", edgesOnly);
			material.SetColor("_EdgeColor", edgeColor);
			material.SetColor("_BackgroundColor", backgroundColor);

			Graphics.Blit(src, dest, material);
		} else {
			Graphics.Blit(src, dest);
		}
	}
}