【蓝桥杯嵌入式备赛】6.一路/两路占空比可调PWM(输出模式)和两路占空比频率可调PWM（输出比较）驱动快速编写

引子

PWM算是除了按键、LED和LCD这些必考模块以外最重要的部分了，基本每次题目都会或多或少的要求输出或捕获PWM。这里大致分为四种 ：
1、一路或两路特定频率特定占空比或占空比可调PWM（PWM输出即可）
2、同一定时器输出两路频率不同或单独可调，占空比恒定或可调（PWM输出比较）
3、一路PWM捕获（PWM捕获即可）
4、两路PWM捕获（输入捕获）
这篇只介绍前两种

情况1代码简单，不需要添加中断服务函数在库函数基础上不怎么需要修改
情况2也能实现情况1但是要复杂些

输出比较原理推荐

https://blog.csdn.net/lblmlms/article/details/89391144

B站野火的视频也可以参考下

PWM输出驱动编写

参考STM32固件库代码V3.5版\STM32F10x_StdPeriph_Lib_V3.5.0\Project\STM32F10x_StdPeriph_Examples\TIM\PWM_Output
题目一般最多要求两路，这里使用的是定时器3的通道1和2，也可以使用定时器2、3、4



使用直接在main.初始化以后调用TIM_SetCompareX（）函数即可，注意输出PWM频率计算=72M / period/ prescaler

代码

#include "pwm.h"

void PWM_Init(u16 arr,u16 psc)
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef  TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
	TIM_OCInitTypeDef  TIM_OCInitStructure;

	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);

	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = arr;		//72M/72/1K=1K  
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = psc;
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = 0;
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
	TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure);
	
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_PWM1;
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse = 0;
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
	TIM_OC1Init(TIM3, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
	
	TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(TIM3, TIM_OCPreload_Enable);
	
	TIM_Cmd(TIM3, ENABLE);

}

PWM输出比较

参考STM32固件库代码V3.5版\STM32F10x_StdPeriph_Lib_V3.5.0\Project\STM32F10x_StdPeriph_Examples\TIM\OCToggle main.c和stm32f10x_it.c

TIM_TimeBase下面全部需要复制
时钟配置、IO配置、中断配置




中断服务函数

代码

#include "pwm.h"

__IO uint16_t CCR1_Val;
__IO uint16_t CCR2_Val;
u8 ch1_f,ch2_f;
uint16_t capture = 0;

void PWM_Init(void)
{
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	TIM_TimeBaseInitTypeDef  TIM_TimeBaseStructure;
	TIM_OCInitTypeDef  TIM_OCInitStructure;
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	
	RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3, ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
	
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6 | GPIO_Pin_7;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = TIM3_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);

	CCR1_Val=1000000/(CH1_Fre*1000);
	CCR2_Val=1000000/(CH2_Fre*1000);
	
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Period = 65535;
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_Prescaler = 71;
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_ClockDivision = 0;
	TIM_TimeBaseStructure.TIM_CounterMode = TIM_CounterMode_Up;
	TIM_TimeBaseInit(TIM3, &TIM_TimeBaseStructure);
	
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCMode = TIM_OCMode_Toggle;
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse = CCR1_Val;
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OCPolarity = TIM_OCPolarity_High;
	TIM_OC1Init(TIM3, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
	TIM_OC1PreloadConfig(TIM3, TIM_OCPreload_Disable);
	
	/* Output Compare Toggle Mode configuration: Channel2 */
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_OutputState = TIM_OutputState_Enable;
	TIM_OCInitStructure.TIM_Pulse = CCR2_Val;
	TIM_OC2Init(TIM3, &TIM_OCInitStructure);
	TIM_OC2PreloadConfig(TIM3, TIM_OCPreload_Disable);
	
	TIM_Cmd(TIM3, ENABLE);
	TIM_ITConfig(TIM3, TIM_IT_CC1 | TIM_IT_CC2, ENABLE);	
}

void TIM3_IRQHandler(void)
{
  if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM3, TIM_IT_CC1) != RESET)
  {
    TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM3, TIM_IT_CC1 );
    capture = TIM_GetCapture1(TIM3);
	if(ch1_f==0)
	{
	   ch1_f=1;		
 	   TIM_SetCompare1(TIM3, capture + CCR1_Val*CH1_Dut );
	}
	else
	{
 	   ch1_f=0;		
 	   TIM_SetCompare1(TIM3, capture + CCR1_Val*(1-CH1_Dut));
	}
  }

  if (TIM_GetITStatus(TIM3, TIM_IT_CC2) != RESET)
  {
    TIM_ClearITPendingBit(TIM3, TIM_IT_CC2);
    capture = TIM_GetCapture2(TIM3);
	if(ch2_f==0)
	{
	   ch2_f=1;		
 	   TIM_SetCompare2(TIM3, capture + CCR2_Val*CH2_Dut );
	}
	else
	{
 	   ch2_f=0;		
 	   TIM_SetCompare2(TIM3, capture + CCR2_Val*(1-CH2_Dut));
	}
  }
}

问题

PWM输出其实相对还是比较简单的，输出比较掌握了原理以后理解起来就不那么难了。这部分可能需要注意下输出频率计算的问题。

之前遇到的一个问题：

输出比较能输出两路PWM但是波形异常，频率低的那一路PWM还叠加了高频的PWM。后来发现是中断服务函数内两个通道共用了一个标志位导致。改成每通道各自用一个标志位即可。