Qt(X):C++基础

基础

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
class student
{
public:
    char name[64];
    int  age;
    void test(){//在类里面写方法
        cout<<123<<endl;
    }
    void test2();//声明函数，实现函数可以写在类的里面，也可以写在外面
};

void student::test2(){//不加::就会被识别为普通的函数
    cout<<1211<<endl;
};

int main()
{
    student my1;//直接定义
    student *my = new student;//在堆里面定义
    //delete my ;//删除对象，释放堆里面的内存
    my1.age=18;
    my->age=19;
    cout<<my->age<<endl;
    cout<<my1.age<<endl;

    my1.test();
    my1.test2();
    return 0;
}

构造函数，析构函数

1. 析构函数：对象被删除或者生命周期结束的时候，该函数会触发，可以被重载
2. 构造函数：对象创建的时候，会触发函数，不可以重载

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
class student
{
public:
     student(void);
     ~student(void);

};
student::student(void){
    cout<<"this is a constructor"<<endl;
}

student::~student(void){
    cout<<"this is a inv-constructor"<<endl;
}
int main()
{
    student *s1 = new student;
    delete s1;
    return 0;
}

继承

类的继承允许我们在新的类里面继承父类的public和protected部分，private不可以被继承

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
class student
{
public:
     student(void);
     ~student(void);
     void father_print(){
         cout<<"form father "<<endl;
     }


};
student::student(void){
    cout<<"this is a constructor"<<endl;
}

student::~student(void){
    cout<<"this is a inv-constructor"<<endl;
}
class student1:public student{
public :
    void son_print(){
        cout<<"form sub class"<<endl;
    }
};
int main()
{
    student1 *s1 = new student1;
    s1->father_print();
    s1->son_print();
    delete s1;
    return 0;
}

虚函数和纯虚函数

1. 虚函数：有实际定义的，允许派生类对其进行覆盖式的替换，virtual来修饰，用在类的继承上的
2. 纯虚函数：没有实际定义的虚函数就是纯虚函数
3. 虚函数的优点：可以预留接口进行分工合作

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
class student
{
public:
     student(void);
     ~student(void);
     void father_print(){
         cout<<"form father "<<endl;
     }
     virtual void imagefunc(){
         cout<<"this is image function from father class"<<endl;
     }
     virtual void pureimagefunc(){}


};
student::student(void){
    cout<<"this is a constructor"<<endl;
}

student::~student(void){
    cout<<"this is a inv-constructor"<<endl;
}


class student1:public student{
public :
    void son_print(){
        cout<<"form sub class"<<endl;
    }

     void iamgefunc(){
        cout<<"this is image function from son class"<<endl;
    }

     void pureimagefunc(){
         cout<<"this is pure virtual function from son class"<<endl;
     }
};
int main()
{
    student1 *s1 = new student1;
    s1->father_print();
    s1->son_print();
    s1->iamgefunc();
    s1->pureimagefunc();
    return 0;
}