图像阈值（threshold）：图像分割的标尺

阈值类型

阈值二值化（threshold binary）：
设定一个临界值，将像素值大于临界值的像素设置成255，低于临界值设置成0 
dst(x,y)={maxVal ifsrc(x,y)>thresh 
dst(x,y)={0 otherwise

阈值反二值化： 
设定一个临界值，将像素值大于临界值的像素设置成0，低于临界值设置成255。 
dst(x,y)={0 ifsrc(x,y)>thresh 
dst(x,y)={maxVal otherwise

截断： 
设定一个临界值，将像素值大于临界值的像素设置成临界值，低于临界值不变。 
dst(x,y)={threshhold ifsrc(x,y)>thresh 
dst(x,y)={src(x,y) otherwise

阈值取0： 
设定一个临界值，将像素值大于临界值的像素不变，低于临界值设置成0。 
dst(x,y)={src(x,y) ifsrc(x,y)>thresh 
dst(x,y)={0 otherwise

阈值反取0： 
设定一个临界值，将像素值大于临界值的像素设置成0，低于临界值不变。 
dst(x,y)={0 ifsrc(x,y)>thresh 
dst(x,y)={src(x,y) otherwise

代码：
 

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
#include <string> 
#include<fstream> 
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

Mat src, gray_src, dst, dst1, dst2, dst3, dst4, dst5;
int threshold_value = 127;
int type_value = 1;
void getThresholdChange(int, void*) 
{
	cvtColor(src, gray_src, CV_RGB2GRAY);
	imshow("gray", gray_src);

	threshold(gray_src, dst1, threshold_value, 255, THRESH_BINARY);//阈值二值化
	imshow("THRESH_BINARY", dst1);

	threshold(gray_src, dst2, threshold_value, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV);//阈值反二值化
	imshow("THRESH_BINARY_INV", dst2);

	threshold(gray_src, dst3, threshold_value, 255, THRESH_TRUNC);//截断
	imshow("THRESH_TRUNC", dst3);

	threshold(gray_src, dst4, threshold_value, 255, THRESH_TOZERO);//阈值取0
	imshow("THRESH_TOZERO", dst4);

	threshold(gray_src, dst5, threshold_value, 255, THRESH_TOZERO_INV);//阈值反取0
	imshow("THRESH_TOZERO_INV", dst5);

	threshold(gray_src, dst, threshold_value, 255, type_value);
	imshow("outputthreshold", dst);
}

int main()
{
	src = imread("Texture.jpg");
	imshow("input", src);
	getThresholdChange(0, 0);
	createTrackbar("阈值大小：", "outputthreshold", &threshold_value, 255, getThresholdChange);
	createTrackbar("type Value", "outputthreshold", &type_value, 5, getThresholdChange);
	waitKey(0);
}