Python学习笔记Day 2

初识库（模块）

import sys
print (sys.path)#打印系统库（即环境变量）路径
print(sys.argv)#找印当前文件路径，即绝对路径
import os
cmd_res=os.system("dir")#dir,查看当前路径文件,执行命令，不保存结果
cmd_res1=os.popen("dir")#保存结果
print(cmd_res)
print(cmd_res1)
os.mkdir("new folder1")#系统库路径下创建文件

pyc文件与PyCodeObject文件

pyc文件与PyCodeObject文件是Python编译器真正编译成的结果。pyc文件相当于是高级语言与机器语言的解释，PyCodeObject文件在硬盘中找不到，但其共同完成解释。Python不像C，不可以直接编译。Python需要中间解释。

数据类型

略

列表（数组）

一维

如下的使用亦可应用于二维

1. 在使用索引时，里面的索引数值为负时，表明是从后往前数第N个；-1是最后一个

name=["liang","li","qi","xin"]
print (name[-2:])#0，-1可以不写

2. 数组加元素
   从最后面加元素，使用的方法是引用.append()函数
   如下：

name=["liang","li","qi","xin"]
name.append("liu")
print (name[0:5])

如果从中间加元素，则使用的是.insert()函数
如下：

names=["liang","li","qi","xin"]
names.insert(2,"liu")#insert（i,"元素"），I为元素所插入位置
print (names[0:5])

3. 数组换元素：

names=["liang","li","qi","xin"]
names[2]="chen"
print (names[0:5])

4. 删元素

names=["liang","li","qi","xin"]
del names[1]#等同names.pop(1)，删数组，del names，使数组消失
print (names[0:5])

names=["liang","li","qi","xin"]
names.pop()
#函数不加元素位置参数，默认删最后一个，加上参数，则删参数位置元素
print (names[0:5])

5. 找元素位置

names=["liang","li","qi","xin"]
print (names.index("qi"))#.index()，索引函数

6. 元素计算个数

names=["liang","li","qi","xin","li","li","li"]
print (names.count("li"))#.count为计总函数

7. 清空元素

names=["liang","li","qi","xin","li","li","li"]
names.clear()
print(names)

8. 反转函数元素

names=["liang","li","qi","xin","li","li","li"]
names.reverse()
print(names)

9. 使元素按ascii码排序

names=["Liang","3li","qi","#xin"]
names.sort()
print(names)

11. 合并另一个数组

names=["Liang","3li","qi","#xin"]
names_another=["liang","li","xin","li","li","li"]
names.extend(names_another)
print(names,"\n",names_another)

12. 数组复制
    把多维复制到一维，只有第一维复制到，Copy的是地址。因为Copy的是地址，从结果上看与深复制一样。而如果不使用深复制，只是浅复制，那对于里面的只是引用，当其他对象也在浅复制了同一个多维数组时，一处地方改动被复制多维的数据，这个改动会同步到其他地方。多维复制要使用Copy模块中的深复制，copy.deepcopy()函数，这样才是独立复制，把数据完复制过去。

names=["Liang","3li","qi","#xin"]
names_another=["liang","li","xin","li","li","li"]
names=names_another.copy()
#浅复制，等同于names=names_another,names=copy.copy(names_another)
#使用copy.copy(),要import copy
print(names,"\n",names_another)

更多有关数组的使用

13. 列表循环

names_another=["liang","li","xin","li","li","li"]
for i in names :
	print(i)

二维

1. 深Copy

import copy
names=["liang","li","xin","li","li","li"];
names_another=["ik",
["dksla","dsa","0","%3##"],
["*%^","iio","3rn","^yi:"],
["dk","iioo","jdks","II"],
"dka"
]
names=copy.deepcopy(names_another)
names2=names_another.copy()
print(names,"\n",names_another,"\n",names2)

2. 深浅copy的对比
   多个股东共同管理财产，使用公用银行账号

import copy
names_and_countor=["姓名",["银行","余额"]]
gd1=names_and_countor.copy()
gd2=names_and_countor[:]
gd3=copy.copy(names_and_countor)
gd4=names_and_countor.copy()
gd5=names_and_countor[:]
gd6=copy.copy(names_and_countor)
duibi=copy.deepcopy(names_and_countor)
gd1[0]="zhangshan"#改名
gd2[0]="lisi"
gd3[0]="dkls"
gd4[0]="dsad"
gd5[0]="dvdfdd"
gd6[0]="dsafds"
duibi[0]="dddd"
gd1[1][0]="中国工商银行62622699999999999999"#银行账号
gd1[1][1]="8000"#余额
gd6[1][1]="7500"#股东6拿了500出来用于公司运转
print(gd1,"\n",
      gd2,"\n",
      gd3,"\n",
      gd4,"\n",
      gd5,"\n",
      gd6,"\n",
      duibi)

结果如下

 ['zhangshan', ['中国工商银行62622699999999999999', '7500']] 
 ['lisi', ['中国工商银行62622699999999999999', '7500']] 
 ['dkls', ['中国工商银行62622699999999999999', '7500']] 
 ['dsad', ['中国工商银行62622699999999999999', '7500']] 
 ['dvdfdd', ['中国工商银行62622699999999999999', '7500']] 
 ['dsafds', ['中国工商银行62622699999999999999', '7500']] 
 ['dddd', ['银行', '余额']]

可以看出浅复制只是在引用原数组，深复制才是完全独立复制。

元组(只读数组)

特殊的数组，不可以改里面的元素，一但创建就固定 。

namws=("g","2","4","dg")

它的使用只有count与index

程序练习

作业完成如下，4未实现

print("请输入工资")
YuE=int(input("工资:"))
YG=[]#已购商品
def dobuying(YuE