TensorFlow——八股扩展（自制数据集）

x_train_save = np.reshape(x_train, (len(x_train), -1))
x_test_save = np.reshape(x_test, (len(x_test), -1))

np.reshape()函数是来转换维度的，在进行变换时，假设一个数据对象narray的总元素个数为N，如果我们给出一个维度为（m，-1）时，我们就理解为将对象变换为一个二维矩阵，矩阵的第一维度大小为m，第二维度大小为N/m。

我所理解的是：np.reshape(x_test,(len(x_test),-1)),将x_test的维度进行转换；其行数转换为len(x_test),其列数的参数为-1，-1的含义为自适应（总数是确定的，给出了行数是多少，列数根据总数和行数自己算）

例如：给出的x_test是4x2的数组

[

[1 2 3 4]

[5 6 7 8]

[0 2 3 5]

[5 9 8 7]

]

reshape(x_test,(2,-1)) 转换为2行的一个数组，列数是-1（需要根据总数和行数，算出来）

[

[1 2]

[3 4]

[5 6]

[7 8]

[0 2]

[3 5]

[5 9]

[8 7]

]

   

图片和解释引用自博客--------https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28485501/article/details/82253616

import tensorflow as tf
from PIL import Image
import numpy as np
import os

train_path = './mnist_image_label/mnist_train_jpg_60000/'####
train_txt = './mnist_image_label/mnist_train_jpg_60000.txt'####
x_train_savepath = './mnist_image_label/mnist_x_train.npy'
y_train_savepath = './mnist_image_label/mnist_y_train.npy'

test_path = './mnist_image_label/mnist_test_jpg_10000/'#####
test_txt = './mnist_image_label/mnist_test_jpg_10000.txt'####
x_test_savepath = './mnist_image_label/mnist_x_test.npy'
y_test_savepath = './mnist_image_label/mnist_y_test.npy'


def generateds(path, txt):
    f = open(txt, 'r')  # 以只读形式打开txt文件
    contents = f.readlines()  # 读取文件中所有行
    f.close()  # 关闭txt文件
    x, y_ = [], []  # 建立空列表
    for content in contents:  # 逐行取出
        value = content.split()  # 以空格分开，图片路径为value[0] , 标签为value[1] , 存入列表
        img_path = path + value[0]  # 拼出图片路径和文件名
        img = Image.open(img_path)  # 读入图片
        img = np.array(img.convert('L'))  # 图片变为8位宽灰度值的np.array格式
        img = img / 255.  # 数据归一化 （实现预处理）
        x.append(img)  # 归一化后的数据，贴到列表x
        y_.append(value[1])  # 标签贴到列表y_
        print('loading : ' + content)  # 打印状态提示

    x = np.array(x)  # 变为np.array格式
    y_ = np.array(y_)  # 变为np.array格式
    y_ = y_.astype(np.int64)  # 变为64位整型
    return x, y_  # 返回输入特征x，返回标签y_


if os.path.exists(x_train_savepath) and os.path.exists(y_train_savepath) and os.path.exists(
        x_test_savepath) and os.path.exists(y_test_savepath):
    print('-------------Load Datasets-----------------')
    x_train_save = np.load(x_train_savepath)
    y_train = np.load(y_train_savepath)
    x_test_save = np.load(x_test_savepath)
    y_test = np.load(y_test_savepath)
    x_train = np.reshape(x_train_save, (len(x_train_save), 28, 28))
    x_test = np.reshape(x_test_save, (len(x_test_save), 28, 28))
else:
    print('-------------Generate Datasets-----------------')
    x_train, y_train = generateds(train_path, train_txt)
    x_test, y_test = generateds(test_path, test_txt)

    print('-------------Save Datasets-----------------')
    x_train_save = np.reshape(x_train, (len(x_train), -1))
    x_test_save = np.reshape(x_test, (len(x_test), -1))
    np.save(x_train_savepath, x_train_save)
    np.save(y_train_savepath, y_train)
    np.save(x_test_savepath, x_test_save)
    np.save(y_test_savepath, y_test)

model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([
    tf.keras.layers.Flatten(),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(128, activation='relu'),
    tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax')
])

model.compile(optimizer='adam',
              loss=tf.keras.losses.SparseCategoricalCrossentropy(from_logits=False),
              metrics=['sparse_categorical_accuracy'])

model.fit(x_train, y_train, batch_size=32, epochs=5, validation_data=(x_test, y_test), validation_freq=1)
model.summary()