第十章 菜单及其它资源part4

键盘快捷键

快捷键是产生WM_COMMAND消息（有些情况下是WM_SYSCOMMAND）的键组合。

 

为什么要使用快捷键

Windows将键盘消息发送给目前活动窗口的窗口消息处理程序。然而对于快捷键，Windows把WM_COMMAND消息发送给窗口消息处理程序.该窗口消息处理程序的句柄在Windows函数TranslateAccelerator中给出快捷键中，应该避免使用Tab、Enter、Esc和Spacebar键，因为这些键常常用于完成系统功能。

 

快捷键表的加载

使用LoadAccelerators函数把快捷键表加载内存，并获得该表的句柄。

LoadAccelerators叙述非常类似于LoadIcon、LoadCursor和LoadMenu叙述。

HANDLE hAccel ;

hAccel = LoadAccelerators (hInstance, TEXT ("MyAccelerators")) ;

 

键盘代码转换

下面代码的修改是为了方便使用快捷键

while  (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {

  if (!TranslateAccelerator (hwnd, hAccel, &msg)) {

      TranslateMessage(&msg);

      DispatchMessage(&msg);

  }

}

TranslateAccelerator函数确认存放在msg消息结构中的消息是否为键盘消息。如果是，该函数将找寻句柄为hAccel的快捷键表。如果找到了一个符合的，则呼叫句柄为hwnd的窗口消息处理程序。如果快捷键ID与系统菜单的菜单项一致，则消息就是WM_SYSCOMMAND；否则，消息为WM_COMMAND。

 

快捷键表  

当您为菜单项定义快捷键时，应该将键的组合包含到菜单项的文字中。制表符（/t）将文字与快捷键分割开，将快捷键列在第二列。

如果活动窗口已经被最小化，那么TranslateAccelerator将为与启用的系统菜单项相对应的快捷键向窗口消息处理程序发送WM_SYSCOMMAND消息， 而不是WM_COMMAND消息。

#include <windows.h> #include "resource.h" #define ID_EDIT 1 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("PopPad2"); int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { HACCEL hAccel; HWND hwnd; MSG msg; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, szAppName) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox(NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu(hInstance,MAKEINTRESOURCE(POPPAD2)); hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, szAppName, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, GetSystemMetrics (SM_CXSCREEN) / 4, GetSystemMetrics (SM_CYSCREEN) / 4, GetSystemMetrics (SM_CXSCREEN) / 2, GetSystemMetrics (SM_CYSCREEN) / 2, NULL, hMenu, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd); //hInstance是应用程序实例句柄， //用来从程序的资源文件里查找到快捷键定义。 //lpTableName是快捷键的定义表格。 hAccel = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(POPPAD2)); while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { //当快捷键与系统菜单中的菜单项相对应时， //TranslateAccelerator给窗口消息处理程序发 //送一个WM_SYSCOMMAND消息 //否则，TranslateAccelerator给窗口消息处理程序发送 //一个WM_COMMAND消息。 if (!TranslateAccelerator(hwnd, hAccel, &msg)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } } return msg.wParam; } //显示一个请求确认关闭程序的消息框 int AskConfirmation(HWND hwnd) { return MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT ("Really want to close PopPad2?"), szAppName, MB_YESNO | MB_ICONQUESTION) ; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static HWND hwndEdit; int iSelect, iEnable; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: //创建edit编辑区域 hwndEdit = CreateWindow (TEXT ("edit"), NULL, WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_HSCROLL | WS_VSCROLL | WS_BORDER | ES_LEFT | ES_MULTILINE | ES_AUTOHSCROLL | ES_AUTOVSCROLL, 0, 0, 0, 0, hwnd, (HMENU)ID_EDIT, ((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance, NULL); return 0; case WM_SETFOCUS: SetFocus(hwndEdit); return 0; case WM_SIZE: //lParam参数包含32位的int型整数, //低16位是窗口客户区长度,高16位是高度 MoveWindow(hwndEdit,0,0,LOWORD(lParam),HIWORD(lParam),TRUE); return 0 ; case WM_INITMENUPOPUP: if (lParam == 1) { //只有选择了编辑控件中的文字， //「Cut」「Copy」和「Delete」选项才能够被启用 EnableMenuItem((HMENU)wParam, IDM_EDIT_UNDO, SendMessage(hwndEdit, EM_CANUNDO, 0, 0)?MF_ENABLED : MF_GRAYED); EnableMenuItem((HMENU)wParam, IDM_EDIT_PASTE, IsClipboardFormatAvailable (CF_TEXT)?MF_ENABLED : MF_GRAYED); //给编辑控件发送一条EM_GETSEL消息 //并传回包含此信息的整数 iSelect = SendMessage(hwndEdit, EM_GETSEL, 0, 0) ; //iSelect的低位字是第一个被选中字符的位置， //iSelect的高字组是下一个被选中字符的位置。 //如果这两个字相等，则表示没有选中文字： if (HIWORD(iSelect) == LOWORD(iSelect)) iEnable = MF_GRAYED; else iEnable = MF_ENABLED; //然后可以将iEnable的值用于「Cut」「Copy」和「Delete」选项 EnableMenuItem((HMENU) wParam, IDM_EDIT_CUT, iEnable) ; EnableMenuItem((HMENU) wParam, IDM_EDIT_COPY, iEnable) ; EnableMenuItem((HMENU) wParam, IDM_EDIT_CLEAR, iEnable) ; return 0 ; } break ; case WM_COMMAND: if (lParam) { if (LOWORD (lParam) == ID_EDIT && (HIWORD (wParam) == EN_ERRSPACE || HIWORD (wParam) == EN_MAXTEXT)) MessageBox (hwnd, TEXT ("Edit control out of space."), szAppName, MB_OK | MB_ICONSTOP) ; return 0 ; } else switch (LOWORD(wParam)) { case IDM_FILE_NEW: case IDM_FILE_OPEN: case IDM_FILE_SAVE: case IDM_FILE_SAVE_AS: case IDM_FILE_PRINT: MessageBeep (0) ; return 0 ; //涉及如何 //完成「Edit」菜单中的「Undo」「Cut」「Copy」 「Paste」「Clear」和「Select All」 //选项。正是编辑控件使得这种处理变得容易， //因为对于每一个选项我们只需向编辑控件发送 //一个消息即可 case IDM_APP_EXIT: SendMessage(hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0) ; return 0 ; case IDM_EDIT_UNDO: SendMessage(hwndEdit, WM_UNDO, 0, 0) ; return 0 ; case IDM_EDIT_CUT: SendMessage(hwndEdit, WM_CUT, 0, 0) ; return 0 ; case IDM_EDIT_COPY: SendMessage(hwndEdit, WM_COPY, 0, 0) ; return 0 ; case IDM_EDIT_PASTE: SendMessage(hwndEdit, WM_PASTE, 0, 0) ; return 0 ; case IDM_EDIT_CLEAR: SendMessage(hwndEdit, WM_CLEAR, 0, 0) ; return 0 ; case IDM_EDIT_SELECT_ALL: SendMessage(hwndEdit, EM_SETSEL, 0, -1) ; return 0 ; case IDM_HELP_HELP: MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("Help not yet implemented!"), szAppName, MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION) ; return 0 ; case IDM_APP_ABOUT: MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("POPPAD2 (c) Charles Petzold, 1998"), szAppName, MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION) ; return 0 ; } break ; case WM_CLOSE: if (IDYES == AskConfirmation(hwnd)) DestroyWindow(hwnd); return 0 ; case WM_QUERYENDSESSION: //当使用者要关闭Windows时，Windows开始向每个窗 //口消息处理程序发送一个WM_QUERYENDSESSION消息 if (IDYES == AskConfirmation(hwnd)) return 1; else return 0; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); return 0; } return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam); }

PopPad2.rc

/ // // Menu // POPPAD2 MENU BEGIN POPUP "&File" BEGIN MENUITEM "&New", IDM_FILE_NEW MENUITEM "&Open...", IDM_FILE_OPEN MENUITEM "&Save", IDM_FILE_SAVE MENUITEM "Save &As...", IDM_FILE_SAVE_AS MENUITEM SEPARATOR MENUITEM "&Print", IDM_FILE_PRINT MENUITEM SEPARATOR MENUITEM "E&xit", IDM_APP_EXIT END POPUP "&Edit" BEGIN MENUITEM "&Undo/tCtrl+Z", IDM_EDIT_UNDO MENUITEM SEPARATOR MENUITEM "Cu&t/tCtrl+X", IDM_EDIT_CUT MENUITEM "&Copy/tCtrl+C", IDM_EDIT_COPY MENUITEM "&Paste/tCtrl+V", IDM_EDIT_PASTE MENUITEM "De&lete/tDel", IDM_EDIT_CLEAR MENUITEM SEPARATOR MENUITEM "&Select All", IDM_EDIT_SELECT_ALL END POPUP "&Help" BEGIN MENUITEM "&Help...", IDM_HELP_HELP MENUITEM "&About PopPad2...", IDM_APP_ABOUT END END / // // Accelerator // POPPAD2 ACCELERATORS BEGIN VK_DELETE, IDM_EDIT_CLEAR, VIRTKEY, NOINVERT "^C", IDM_EDIT_COPY, ASCII, NOINVERT VK_INSERT, IDM_EDIT_COPY, VIRTKEY, CONTROL, NOINVERT "^X", IDM_EDIT_CUT, ASCII, NOINVERT VK_DELETE, IDM_EDIT_CUT, VIRTKEY, SHIFT, NOINVERT "^V", IDM_EDIT_PASTE, ASCII, NOINVERT VK_INSERT, IDM_EDIT_PASTE, VIRTKEY, SHIFT, NOINVERT "^Z", IDM_EDIT_UNDO, ASCII, NOINVERT VK_BACK, IDM_EDIT_UNDO, VIRTKEY, ALT, NOINVERT VK_F1, IDM_HELP_HELP, VIRTKEY, NOINVERT END