c++ ifndef的使用与见解 来自chatgpt

please tell me usage of #ifndef in cpp code and show me several examples.

The #ifndef directive is used in C++ to prevent multiple definitions of the same code. Here's an example:

#ifndef MY_CLASS_H
#define MY_CLASS_H
 
class MyClass {
public:
    MyClass();
    void printMessage();
};
 
#endif
In the above example, the #ifndef directive checks if the MY_CLASS_H header has already been defined. If it has not been defined, the code between the #ifndef and #endif directives will be included in the program.

If the header has already been defined, the code between the #ifndef and #endif directives will be skipped. This is to prevent multiple definitions of the same code, which can lead to errors and other issues.

Here's another example:

#ifndef MY_FUNCTIONS_H
#define MY_FUNCTIONS_H
 
int square(int num) {
    return num * num;
}
 
#endif
In this example, the #ifndef directive is used to prevent the square function from being defined multiple times in the same program.

Overall, the #ifndef directive is a useful tool for preventing multiple definitions of code in C++, which can help avoid errors and other issues in your programs.

I konw that a header file can be stdio.h, what does the MY_CLASS_H mean?

The MY_CLASS_H in the example I provided is what’s called an include guard. It’s a unique identifier that’s used to prevent a header file from being included multiple times in the same program.

When a header file is included in a C++ program, the preprocessor copies the entire contents of the header file into the program. This can lead to issues if the same header file is included multiple times (either directly or indirectly), as it can result in duplicate definitions of classes, functions, and other entities.

To prevent this from happening, include guards are used to ensure that a header file is only included once. The #ifndef directive checks if a specific identifier (in this case, MY_CLASS_H) has already been defined. If it has, the preprocessor skips over the code between the #ifndef and #endif directives. If it hasn’t, the code is included in the program and the identifier is defined to prevent the code from being included again.

So in short, the MY_CLASS_H identifier is just a unique identifier that’s used to prevent the header file from being included multiple times.

I understand. The code file can be named myclass.h, and the MY_CLASS_H is the unique identifier code in the myclass.h file. so that when I include , it can work.

Yes, that’s correct! The code file (header file) can be named whatever you want (in this case, myclass.h), and MY_CLASS_H is just a unique identifier that’s used within that header file to prevent it from being included multiple times.

When you include the header file in your C++ program (using #include <myclass.h>), the preprocessor checks if the MY_CLASS_H identifier has already been defined. If it hasn’t been defined, the code in the header file is included in your program, and the identifier is defined to prevent the code from being included again. If the identifier has already been defined, the code in the header file is skipped.

So yes, by including <myclass.h> in your C++ program, you can use the classes and functions defined in the header file.

简单的来说就是防止重定义 ，设置标识符，最好问头文件名字相同
然后 主文件 include 头文件时候就包含了该段代码