简单的 LSB图像水印算法 python版本

LSB Least Significant Bit 最低有效位嵌入，这里就不赘述了。很多参考，原理一搜就出来了。

下面是相应的代码
首先，编写encode 和decode 代码，使用位操作

def LSB_encode(cover, m, k):
    m = np.array(m, dtype = np.uint8)
    cover = np.array(cover, dtype = np.uint8)

    k = 2**k -1
    mask1 = 255-k
    mask2 = k
    cover = np.bitwise_and(cover, mask1)
    m = np.bitwise_and(m, mask2)
    res =  np.bitwise_or(cover,m)
    return res
    
def LSB_decode(cover, k):
    cover = np.array(cover, dtype = np.uint8)
    mask1 = 2**k -1
    
    m = np.bitwise_and(cover, mask1)
    
    res = np.zeros(k, dtype = np.uint8)
    m = str(bin(m))
    m = m[2:].zfill(k)
    for i in range(k):     
        res[i] = int(m[i])
    return res

然后是嵌入和提取水印的代码：

def LSB_embed(im, wm, k):
    xsize,ysize = im.shape
    num = xsize * ysize
    wm = wm.flatten() // 255
    im_array = np.array(im)
    im_array = im_array.reshape(num)

    for i in range(num):
        m = int("".join(list(map(str, wm[i:i+k]))),2)
        im_array[i] =  LSB_encode(im_array[i], m, k)
        
    im_wm = im_array.reshape(xsize,ysize)    
    return im_wm
    
def LSB_extract(im, k):
    xsize,ysize = im.shape
    num = xsize * ysize
    
    im_array = np.array(im)
    im_array = im_array.reshape(num)
    wm_ex = np.zeros(num*k, dtype= np.uint8)
    
    for i in range(num):
        m = LSB_decode(im_array[i], k)
        wm_ex[i:i+k] = m
    wm_ex = wm_ex.reshape(xsize,ysize,-1)
    wm_ex = wm_ex.squeeze()
    return wm_ex
    

最后是主函数，这里为了方便展示效果，将 嵌入的最低位数 K设为1。如果k不是1，嵌入和提取函数还要有稍微的改动。

import numpy as np
from PIL import Image
from skimage import data
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt



wm = Image.open('watermark.png')
wm = np.array(wm)
im = data.camera()


k = 1
# wm = np.random.randint(0,2, (im.shape[0],im.shape[1],k), dtype = np.uint8).squeeze()

im_wm = LSB_embed(im, wm, k)
wm_ex = LSB_extract(im_wm, k)


fig, (ax_wm, ax_im, ax_im_wm, ax_wm_ex)=plt.subplots(nrows = 1,ncols = 4, figsize = [20,20])
ax_wm.imshow(wm, cmap = plt.cm.gray)
ax_wm.set_xlabel('wm')
ax_im.imshow(im, cmap = plt.cm.gray)
ax_im.set_xlabel('im')
ax_im_wm.imshow(im_wm, cmap = plt.cm.gray)
ax_im_wm.set_xlabel('im_wm')
ax_wm_ex.imshow(wm_ex, cmap = plt.cm.gray)
ax_wm_ex.set_xlabel('wm_ex')

下面是效果图：

另外，这里给出为彩色图像加 K=3 随机信息的代码：

### color LSB watermark
k = 3
im = Image.open("lena.png")
im = np.array(im)
r,g,b = im[:,:,0],im[:,:,1],im[:,:,2]

np.random.seed(0)
wm = np.random.randint(0,2, im.shape[0]*im.shape[1]*k, dtype = np.uint8)
r_wm = LSB_embed(r, wm, k)

np.random.seed(1)
wm = np.random.randint(0,2, im.shape[0]*im.shape[1]*k, dtype = np.uint8)
g_wm = LSB_embed(g, wm, k)

np.random.seed(2)
wm = np.random.randint(0,2, im.shape[0]*im.shape[1]*k, dtype = np.uint8)
b_wm = LSB_embed(b, wm, k)

im_wm = np.dstack((r_wm, g_wm, b_wm))

fig, ( ax_im, ax_im_wm, )=plt.subplots(nrows = 1,ncols = 2, figsize = [20,20])
ax_im.imshow(im, cmap = plt.cm.gray)
ax_im.set_xlabel('im')
ax_im_wm.imshow(im_wm, cmap = plt.cm.gray)
ax_im_wm.set_xlabel('im_wm')

运行结果如下所示：