API~Camera

1、把鼠标的位置转化成一个射线，利用射线和场景中的物体做碰撞检测

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class APICamera : MonoBehaviour
{
    private Camera mainCamera;
    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        //获取Main Camera的Camera组件
        mainCamera = GameObject.Find("Main Camera").GetComponent<Camera>();
    }
    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        //把鼠标在屏幕上的点转变成一个射线
        Ray ray = mainCamera.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition);
        //绘制射线
        Debug.DrawRay(ray.origin, ray.direction * 10,Color.yellow);
        //用来存储碰撞的游戏物体
        RaycastHit hit;
        //碰撞检测
        bool isCollder = Physics.Raycast(ray, out hit);
        //如果碰撞到，输出碰撞到的游戏物体
        if (isCollder)
        {
            Debug.Log(hit.collider);
        }
        
        if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space))
        {
            //退出编辑器游戏
            UnityEditor.EditorApplication.isPlaying = false;
        }
    }
}

2、实现摄像机跟随的三种方法

2.1、实现摄像机跟随_固定摄像机方法，常用于RPG游戏

在Unity的坐标系中，将摄像机固定在主角头部上边靠后位置，这样，主角在移动过程中，摄像机也随着移动。

也就是说，摄像机相对于主角，总是在Vector3.forward方向靠后一些，在Vector3.up方向偏上一些。同时为了使摄像机的移动更加平滑，避免掉帧现象，引入差值函数Vector3.Lerp()，使摄像机的移动更加圆润。
代码如下：

using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;

/// <summary>
/// Third person camera.
/// </summary>

public class TheThirdPersonCamera : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float distanceAway = 1.7f;   //水平方向偏移
    public float distanceUp = 1.3f;   //竖直方向偏移
    public float smooth = 2f;   // 平滑系数
    private float h;
    private float v;
    private Vector3 m_TargetPosition; // 摄像机目标位置
    public Transform playerTrans; //玩家的位置

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        // 得到目标位置
        m_TargetPosition = playerTrans.position + Vector3.up * distanceUp - Vector3.forward * distanceAway;
        // 从当前位置平滑的到达目标位置（摄像机相对于playerTrans位置始终保持不变）
        transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(transform.position, m_TargetPosition, Time.deltaTime * smooth);
        // 使摄像机的Z轴始终指向playerTrans的位置
        transform.LookAt(playerTrans);

        //控制playerTrans的移动
        h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        playerTrans.Translate(new Vector3(h, 0, v) * Time.deltaTime * 10, Space.World);
    }
}

2.2、实现摄像机跟随_摄像机替代主角方法，常用于第一人称射击

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class Player : MonoBehaviour
{
    //获取玩家
    public Transform p_transform;
    //摄像机
    private Transform p_camTransform;
    private Vector3 p_camRot;   //摄像机旋转角度
    public float p_camHeight = 4.13f;  //摄像机高度，即玩家身高
    private float moveSpeed = 5.0f;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        //获取摄像机
        p_camTransform = Camera.main.transform;
        //设置摄像机的初始位置
        p_camTransform.position = p_transform.TransformPoint(0, p_camHeight, 0);

        //设置摄像机的方向与主角一致
        p_camTransform.rotation = p_transform.rotation;
        p_camRot = p_camTransform.eulerAngles;
        //锁定鼠标    
        Cursor.lockState = CursorLockMode.Locked;
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        Control();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 在移动玩家后使摄像机的位置与玩家保持一致
    /// </summary>
    void Control()
    {
        //获取鼠标移动距离
        float rh = Input.GetAxis("Mouse X");
        float rv = Input.GetAxis("Mouse Y");
        //旋转摄像机
        p_camRot.x -= rv;
        p_camRot.y += rh;
        //控制鼠标旋转摄像机方向
        p_camTransform.eulerAngles = p_camRot;
        //使玩家的面向方向和摄像机一致
        Vector3 camRot = p_camTransform.eulerAngles;
        camRot.x = 0;
        camRot.z = 0;
        p_transform.eulerAngles = camRot;
        //玩家移动
        Vector3 motion = Vector3.zero;
        motion.x = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        motion.z = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime;
        p_transform.Translate(motion * moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime, Space.World);

        //更新摄像机位置
        p_camTransform.position = p_transform.TransformPoint(0, p_camHeight, 0);
    }
}

2.3、实现摄像机跟随_相机始终在玩家的正后方

using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class CameraFollow : MonoBehaviour
{
    public Transform Player;
    //偏移量
    private Vector3 offSet;
    //目标点
    private Vector3 targetPosion;
    //平滑系数
    private float smoothing = 3f;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        //获取偏移量
        offSet = transform.position - Player.position;
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        //获取目标位置
        targetPosion = Player.position + Player.TransformDirection(offSet);
        //平滑的由当前位置到达目标位置
        transform.position = Vector3.Lerp(transform.position, targetPosion, Time.deltaTime * smoothing);
        transform.LookAt(Player.position);
    }
}