1. 简介
uinput可在以下情况大显身手:
1) 不需要自己写驱动
2) 用户态向/dev/input/eventX写入事件,即用户向Kernel注入数据
2. 使用流程
2.1 打开UInput Device
APP:
char *dev = "/dev/uinput“;
open(dev, O_WRONLY | O_NDELAY);
Kernel:
static int uinput_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
参数inode对应的是 主设备为10,子设备为223的node(即位用户态的dev)
参数file对应打开的文件。
动作:
创建了newdev-- uinput_device结构。
newdev->state = UIST_NEW_DEVICE;
file->private_data = newdev;
2.2 设置UInput Device
APP:
ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY);
Kernel:
static long uinput_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
参数file对应打开的文件。
参数cmd 对应用户态ioctl参数2。UI_SET_EVBIT
参数arg对应用户态ioctl参数3。EV_KEY
动作:
将driver参数传递过来。
udev = file->private_data;
udev->dev 是个input_dev 类型数据。 此时,它未初始化。
如果udev->dev为空,则使用 uinput_allocate_device(udev);申请input_dev结构
具体到CMD=UI_SET_EVBIT
uinput_set_bit(arg, evbit, EV_MAX);
首先判断newdev->state为UIST_CREATED,则返回错误码。
这就说明:设置bit,需要在create input device 之前。
具体动作为:udev->dev->evbit 设为EV_KEY.
注意:此处input device的evbit:
一个是evbit表示设备所支持的动作.:
#define EV_KEY 0x01 // 按键
#define EV_REL 0x02 // 释放
其它设置如下:
ret = ioctl(fd, UI_SET_RELBIT, REL_X); //鼠标
ret = ioctl(fd, UI_SET_RELBIT, REL_Y);
ret = ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_ABS);
ret = ioctl(fd, UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_X);
ret = ioctl(fd, UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_Y);
ret = ioctl(fd, UI_SET_ABSBIT, ABS_PRESSURE);
以上设置了Input Device关心或者说会产生的消息。
2.3 写入设备信息
APP:
struct uinput_user_dev uinput;
uinput.id.version = 4;
uinput.id.bustype = BUS_USB;
uinput.absmin[ABS_X] = 0;
uinput.absmax[ABS_X] = 65535; //sam 把屏幕设为0-65535
uinput.absmin[ABS_Y] = 0;
uinput.absmax[ABS_Y] = 65535;
uinput.absmin[ABS_PRESSURE] = 0;
uinput.absmax[ABS_PRESSURE] = 0xfff;
ret = write(fd, &uinput, sizeof(uinput));
Device status为UIST_NEW_DEVICE
并将udev->dev 这个input device 具体化。初始化该input_dev,之后,改变状态:
udev->state = UIST_SETUP_COMPLETE;
2.4 创建Input Device
APP:
注意,此处是创建了Input Device。而不是UInput Device。
ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_CREATE);
Kernel:
input_register_device(udev->dev); //向子系统注册该设备,之后中断时input_event()向子系统报告事件
udev->state = UIST_CREATED;
2.5 向Input Device发送Event
APP:
struct input_event event = {0};
gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.code = key;
event.value = press ? 1:0;
write(fd, &event, sizeof(event));
Kernel:
static ssize_t uinput_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
因为此时state为UIST_CREATED
input_event(udev->dev, ev.type, ev.code, ev.value); // 发送event.
3. 总结
使用UInput的步骤为:
1. 打开设备。
2. 使用ioctl() 配置设备。
3. 使用write() 将input device信息设置好。
4. 使用ioctl(UI_DEV_CREATE)创建Input Device。(即使用write设置的)
5. 再使用write() 写入event.
4. 实例
/* Globals */
static int uinp_fd = -1;
struct uinput_user_dev uinp; // uInput device structure
struct input_event event; // Input device structure
/* Setup the uinput device */
int setup_uinput_device()
{
// Temporary variable
int i=0;
// Open the input device
uinp_fd = open("/dev/uinput", O_WRONLY | O_NDELAY);
if (uinp_fd == NULL)
{
Dashboard January 2007 Issue
printf("Unable to open /dev/uinput/n");
return -1;
}
memset(&uinp,0,sizeof(uinp)); // Intialize the uInput device to NULL
strncpy(uinp.name, "PolyVision Touch Screen", UINPUT_MAX_NAME_SIZE);
uinp.id.version = 4;
uinp.id.bustype = BUS_USB;
// Setup the uinput device
ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY);
ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_REL);
ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_RELBIT, REL_X);
ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_RELBIT, REL_Y);
for (i=0; i < 256; i++) {
ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, i);
}
ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_MOUSE);
ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_TOUCH);
ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_MOUSE);
ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_LEFT);
ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_MIDDLE);
ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_RIGHT);
ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_FORWARD);
ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_BACK);
/* Create input device into input sub-system */
write(uinp_fd, &uinp, sizeof(uinp));
if (ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_DEV_CREATE))
{
printf("Unable to create UINPUT device.");
return -1;
}
return 1;
}
void send_click_events( )
{
// Move pointer to (100,100) location
memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);
event.type = EV_REL;
event.code = REL_X;
event.value = 100;
write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_REL;
event.code = REL_Y;
event.value = 100;
write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));
// Report BUTTON CLICK - PRESS event
memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.code = BTN_LEFT;
event.value = 1;
write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));
// Report BUTTON CLICK - RELEASE event
memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.code = BTN_LEFT;
event.value = 0;
write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));
}
void send_a_button()
{
// Report BUTTON CLICK - PRESS event
memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.code = KEY_A;
event.value = 1;
write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));
// Report BUTTON CLICK - RELEASE event
memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
gettimeofday(&event.time, NULL);
event.type = EV_KEY;
event.code = KEY_A;
event.value = 0;
write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));
event.type = EV_SYN;
event.code = SYN_REPORT;
event.value = 0;
write(uinp_fd, &event, sizeof(event));
}
/* This function will open the uInput device. Please make
sure that you have inserted the uinput.ko into kernel. */
int main()
{
// Return an error if device not found.
if (setup_uinput_device() < 0)
{
printf("Unable to find uinput device/n");
return -1;
}
send_a_button(); // Send a "A" key
send_click_events(); // Send mouse event
/* Destroy the input device */
ioctl(uinp_fd, UI_DEV_DESTROY);
/* Close the UINPUT device */
close(uinp_fd);
}
UInput添加的Input Device在/proc的反应:
#cat /proc/bus/input/devices
I: Bus=0003 Vendor=0000 Product=0000 Version=0004
N: Name="uinput"
P: Phys=
S: Sysfs=/class/input/input6
H: Handlers=event1 mouse1
B: EV=f
B: KEY=400 0 670000 ffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff ffffffff
B: REL=3
B: ABS=1000003
解释如下:
Bus=0003 Vendor=0000 Product=0000 Version=0004
这是在第一次write时设置的:
uinp.id.version = 4;
uinp.id.bustype = BUS_USB;
struct input_id {
__u16 bustype;
__u16 vendor;
__u16 product;
__u16 version;
};
EV=f
后记:
后来的工作中,Sam又看到Hi3716C中,如何使用Driver将红外遥控器模拟成一个Keyboard.
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_602f877001019wtx.html
其实原理非常类似. 都需要指出支持什么Type的Event.
注3:不同类型的Input Event:
#define EV_SYN 0x00 表示设备支持所有的事件
#define EV_KEY 0x01 键盘或者按键,表示一个键码
#define EV_REL 0x02 鼠标设备,表示一个相对的光标位置结果
#define EV_ABS 0x03 手写板产生的值,其是一个绝对整数值
#define EV_MSC 0x04 其他类型
#define EV_LED 0x11 LED灯设备
#define EV_SND 0x12 蜂鸣器,输入声音
#define EV_REP 0x14 允许重复按键类型
#define EV_PWR 0x16 电源管理事件
#define EV_FF_STATUS 0x17
#define EV_MAX 0x1f
#define EV_CNT (EV_MAX+1)
也要指出每种Type的Event中又分别支持什么具体值.
然后才是创建Device.