Cardiotocography & LSTM

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Fetal monitoring is the main way to ensure the healthy growth of the fetus. It can detect and treat fetal distress in the uterus, various congenital genetic diseases and slow growth as soon as possible. Cardiotocography is the most widely used clinical routine to assess the health of the fetus in the mother's uterus. By monitoring the fetal heart rate and uterine contractions, combining the fetal heart rate curve and the uterine contraction pressure curve, etc., the fetal development status in the uterus is evaluated, so as to provide clinicians with important information about the fetus’s physiology and pathology in the pregnant woman’s uterus. Before more serious or permanent damage to the fetus occurs, the doctor shall be given the opportunity to intervene in time. With 1,440 records of cardiotocography inspection indicators of "healthy fetus" and "pathological fetus", this paper designs a PSO-LSTM diagnostic model to assist medical evaluation and diagnosis. First, the isolated forest is used to eliminate abnormal samples that may be caused by inspection equipment, manual operations, etc., and the remaining normal cardiotocography samples are used to train the LSTM model. Use PSO algorithm to further optimize the LSTM model to improve the diagnostic effect and generalization ability of the model. Experiments show that our proposed model has a good diagnostic effect based on cardiotocography indicators, and the accuracy of the classification of healthy fetuses and pathological fetuses reaches 91.5%.

With the improvement of living conditions and the popularization of the concept of prenatal and postnatal care, people began to pay attention to the health of pregnant women and fetuses during the perinatal period. Among them, premature birth is one of the leading causes of neonatal deaths [1]. In 184 countries around the world, the percentage of newborns who are born prematurely ranges from 5% to 18% [2]. Even if these premature babies survive, they will face learning disabilities, visual and hearing problems and even life-long disabilities.

Fetal monitoring is the main way to ensure the healthy growth of the fetus. It can detect and treat fetal distress in the uterus, various congenital genetic diseases and slow growth as soon as possible. Fetal monitoring technology refers to the rational use of biophysical or biochemical methods to accurately assess the development of the fetus in the uterus of pregnant women. Electronic Fetal Monitoring is the most widely used in clinical practice [3]. For the fetus, the central nervous system in its body has the weakest tolerance to hypoxia, and the normality of the central nervous system can be reflected in the changes in the fetal heart rate signal, which can assist the clinician in judging the growth of the fetus, growth status and abnormalities in the uterus, to prevent the birth of abnormal fetuses and the intrauterine death of normal fetuses. Since 1960, electronic fetal monitoring has been first used for intrapartum monitoring, and then extended to prenatal monitoring. Ultrasound Doppler measurement method is currently the most commonly used external non-invasive fetal heart rate monitoring method. Cardiotocography, also known as fetal electronic monitoring, is the most widely used clinical routine to evaluate the main detection method of fetal intrauterine status [4].

Cardiotocography prenatal care chart contains two key physiological signals, fetal heart rate and uterine contraction. Fetal heart rate is the number of times the fetal heart beats per minute. The fetal distress in the uterus will cause the abnormality of the fetal heart rate to be low or high. Pay close attention to the changes in the fetal heart rate, you can observe the development of the fetus, and greatly reduce the fetal birth defects caused by the fetus's intrauterine distress state, and even the phenomenon of fetal death [5]. In clinical fetal prenatal health diagnosis, Cardiotocography is an important technique for "early detection and early diagnosis" of fetal abnormalities. It monitors the fetal heart rate and contractions, and evaluates the fetal heart rate curve and contraction pressure curve. The internal development provides doctors with important information about the physiology and pathology of the fetus in the pregnant woman’s uterus. Before more serious or permanent damage to the fetus occurs, doctors are given the opportunity to intervene in time to effectively prevent premature birth. It is one of the main measures to reduce perinatal mortality and improve population quality.

In the past ten years, with the rapid development of signal processing technology and artificial intelligence, many researchers have begun to try to apply computer technology to intelligent assessment of fetal state. In order to reduce the subjective differences in the analysis of cardiotocography curves by doctors, the application of computer automatic analysis based on fetal monitoring guidelines in the field of fetal monitoring has attracted more and more attention [6]. Many hospitals, universities and other research institutions have tried to develop computer-aided diagnosis models to assist doctors in analyzing cardiotocography signals objectively and correctly, so as to make corresponding clinical decisions on fetal status [7].

works:

In 2011, Krupa proposed a feature extraction method of fetal heart rate based on Empirical Mode Decomposition, and used Support Vector to classify the fetus into normal or risky conditions, but the accuracy rate was low [8].

In 2012, Spilka compared the traditional features and nonlinear features of feta