搭建一个神经网络有哪几步？

1.设置超参数

包括num_classes、epochs、batch-size、lr、data-path、weights-path、device等。

2.数据预处理

2.1 数据增强

2.2 归一化

2.3 实例化训练数据集并加载到DataLoader中

3. 搭建模型

3.1 实例化之前搭建好的模型

4.训练模型

4.1 加载模型权重（可以删除有关分类类别的权重，冻结除了head的层来进行微调）

4.2 设置损失函数

4.3 设置优化器（还要设置优化器中的参数：学习率、weight_decay等）

4.4 加载模型、优化器、data_loader、设备、epoch进行训练

4.5 打印评价指标"train_loss", "train_acc", "val_loss", "val_acc", "learning_rate"等

4.6 保存模型

训练模型的代码模板

import os
import argparse

import torch
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.utils.tensorboard import SummaryWriter
from torchvision import transforms

from my_dataset import MyDataSet
from model import swin_tiny_patch4_window7_224 as create_model
from utils import read_split_data, train_one_epoch, evaluate


def main(args):
    device = torch.device(args.device if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

    if os.path.exists("./weights") is False:
        os.makedirs("./weights")

    tb_writer = SummaryWriter()

    train_images_path, train_images_label, val_images_path, val_images_label = read_split_data(args.data_path)

    img_size = 224
    data_transform = {
        "train": transforms.Compose([transforms.RandomResizedCrop(img_size),
                                     transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
                                     transforms.ToTensor(),
                                     transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])]),
        "val": transforms.Compose([transforms.Resize(int(img_size * 1.143)),
                                   transforms.CenterCrop(img_size),
                                   transforms.ToTensor(),
                                   transforms.Normalize([0.485, 0.456, 0.406], [0.229, 0.224, 0.225])])}

    # 实例化训练数据集
    train_dataset = MyDataSet(images_path=train_images_path,
                              images_class=train_images_label,
                              transform=data_transform["train"])

    # 实例化验证数据集
    val_dataset = MyDataSet(images_path=val_images_path,
                            images_class=val_images_label,
                            transform=data_transform["val"])

    batch_size = args.batch_size
    # nw = min([os.cpu_count(), batch_size if batch_size > 1 else 0, 8])  # number of workers
    nw = 0
    print('Using {} dataloader workers every process'.format(nw))
    train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(train_dataset,
                                               batch_size=batch_size,
                                               shuffle=True,
                                               pin_memory=True,
                                               num_workers=nw,
                                               collate_fn=train_dataset.collate_fn)

    val_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(val_dataset,
                                             batch_size=batch_size,
                                             shuffle=False,
                                             pin_memory=True,
                                             num_workers=nw,
                                             collate_fn=val_dataset.collate_fn)

    model = create_model(num_classes=args.num_classes).to(device)

    if args.weights != "":
        assert os.path.exists(args.weights), "weights file: '{}' not exist.".format(args.weights)
        weights_dict = torch.load(args.weights, map_location=device)["model"]
        # 删除有关分类类别的权重
        for k in list(weights_dict.keys()):
            if "head" in k:
                del weights_dict[k]
        print(model.load_state_dict(weights_dict, strict=False))

    if args.freeze_layers:
        for name, para in model.named_parameters():
            # 除head外，其他权重全部冻结
            if "head" not in name:
                para.requires_grad_(False)
            else:
                print("training {}".format(name))

    pg = [p for p in model.parameters() if p.requires_grad]
    optimizer = optim.AdamW(pg, lr=args.lr, weight_decay=5E-2)

    for epoch in range(args.epochs):
        # train
        train_loss, train_acc = train_one_epoch(model=model,
                                                optimizer=optimizer,
                                                data_loader=train_loader,
                                                device=device,
                                                epoch=epoch)

        # validate
        val_loss, val_acc = evaluate(model=model,
                                     data_loader=val_loader,
                                     device=device,
                                     epoch=epoch)

        tags = ["train_loss", "train_acc", "val_loss", "val_acc", "learning_rate"]
        tb_writer.add_scalar(tags[0], train_loss, epoch)
        tb_writer.add_scalar(tags[1], train_acc, epoch)
        tb_writer.add_scalar(tags[2], val_loss, epoch)
        tb_writer.add_scalar(tags[3], val_acc, epoch)
        tb_writer.add_scalar(tags[4], optimizer.param_groups[0]["lr"], epoch)

        torch.save(model.state_dict(), "./weights/model-{}.pth".format(epoch))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument('--num_classes', type=int, default=6)
    parser.add_argument('--epochs', type=int, default=10)
    parser.add_argument('--batch-size', type=int, default=8)
    parser.add_argument('--lr', type=float, default=0.0001)

    # 数据集所在根目录
    # https://storage.googleapis.com/download.tensorflow.org/example_images/flower_photos.tgz
    parser.add_argument('--data-path', type=str,
                        default="D:/experiments/experiment/dataset/air_quality_all/train")

    # 预训练权重路径，如果不想载入就设置为空字符
    parser.add_argument('--weights', type=str, default='D:/experiments/experiment/pretrain_weights/Swin_Transformer/swin_tiny_patch4_window7_224.pth',
                        help='initial weights path')
    # 是否冻结权重
    parser.add_argument('--freeze-layers', type=bool, default=False)
    parser.add_argument('--device', default='cuda:0', help='device id (i.e. 0 or 0,1 or cpu)')

    opt = parser.parse_args()

    main(opt)