Keras保存或加载模型

在利用大量数据训练模型时，往往需要用多个小时、天、周甚至月。我们希望训练完后能将模型保存到本地磁盘。Keras为我们提供了两种方法

将模型结构(model structure)和权重(weights)分开保存和加载。

模型结构可以被保存为两种格式，分别是JSON和YAML格式，权重weights将被保存为HDF5格式，下面我将以JSON的方式保存模型结构，直接上代码：

# MLP for Pima Indians Dataset Serialize to JSON and HDF5
from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Dense
from keras.models import model_from_json
import numpy
import os
# fix random seed for reproducibility
numpy.random.seed(7)
# load pima indians dataset
dataset = numpy.loadtxt("pima-indians-diabetes.csv", delimiter=",")
# split into input (X) and output (Y) variables
X = dataset[:,0:8]
Y = dataset[:,8]
# create model
model = Sequential()
model.add(Dense(12, input_dim=8, activation='relu'))
model.add(Dense(8, activation='relu'))
model.add(Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))
# Compile model
model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy'])
# Fit the model
model.fit(X, Y, epochs=150, batch_size=10, verbose=0)
# evaluate the model
scores = model.evaluate(X, Y, verbose=0)
print("%s: %.2f%%" % (model.metrics_names[1], scores[1]*100))

# serialize model to JSON
model_json = model.to_json()
with open("model.json", "w") as json_file:
    json_file.write(model_json)
# serialize weights to HDF5
model.save_weights("model.h5")
print("Saved model to disk")

# later...

# load json and create model
json_file = open('model.json', 'r')
loaded_model_json = json_file.read()
json_file.close()
loaded_model = model_from_json(loaded_model_json)
# load weights into new model
loaded_model.load_weights("model.h5")
print("Loaded model from disk")

# evaluate loaded model on test data
loaded_model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy', optimizer='rmsprop', metrics=['accuracy'])
score = loaded_model.evaluate(X, Y, verbose=0)
print("%s: %.2f%%" % (loaded_model.metrics_names[1], score[1]*100))

将模型结构和权重保存在一起

Keras为我们提供了save()函数，该函数会将模型结构和权重一同保存在HDF5格式文件中，上代码：

# MLP for Pima Indians Dataset saved to single file
from numpy import loadtxt
from tensorflow.keras.models import Sequential,load_model
from tensorflow.keras.layers import Dense
# load pima indians dataset
dataset = loadtxt("pima-indians-diabetes.csv", delimiter=",")
# split into input (X) and output (Y) variables
X = dataset[:,0:8]
Y = dataset[:,8]
# define model
model = Sequential()
model.add(Dense(12, input_dim=8, activation='relu'))
model.add(Dense(8, activation='relu'))
model.add(Dense(1, activation='sigmoid'))
# compile model
model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy'])
# Fit the model
model.fit(X, Y, epochs=150, batch_size=10, verbose=0)
# evaluate the model
scores = model.evaluate(X, Y, verbose=0)
print("%s: %.2f%%" % (model.metrics_names[1], scores[1]*100))
# save model and architecture to single file
model.save("model.h5")
print("Saved model to disk")

# later...
# load model
model = load_model('model.h5')
# evaluate the model
score = model.evaluate(X, Y, verbose=0)
print("%s: %.2f%%" % (model.metrics_names[1], score[1]*100))

Reference

1. https://machinelearningmastery.com/save-load-keras-deep-learning-models/