802.3 Clause 24 --100BASE-X PCS & PMA 学习

1. Physical Layer signaling systems

	Medium	coding
100BASE-T4	four pairs of ISO/IEC 11801 Category 3, 4, or 5 balanced cabling	8B6T	half duplex
100BASE-T2	two pairs of ISO/IEC 11801 Category 3, 4, or 5 balanced cabling
100BASE-TX	two pairs of Category 5 balanced cabling or 150 Ω shielded balanced cabling as defifined by ISO/IEC 11801	4B/5B	half duplex/full duplex
100BASE-FX	two multi-mode fifibers

2.100BASE-X

MAC--RS--MII--PCS--PMA--PMD--MDI

2.1 PCS Function

2.1.1 RS->MII->PCS

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1. The SSD replaces the first octet of the preamble from the MAC frame and vice versa；
2.  The ESD is transmitted by the PCS following the de-assertion of TX_EN on the MII,which corresponds to the last data nibble composing the FCS from the MAC。
3. Between streams, IDLE code-groups are conveyed between the PCS and PMA.

2.1.2 4B5B Coding

1. code-group : data group , control group, invalid group;
2. coding efficiency : 80%,100Mbps-->125Mbps ;
3. sufficient transition density  -> clock recovery 

2.1.3  Mapping between MII and PMA

2.1.4 Transmit State 

2.1.5 Receive State

2.1.6  Carrier Sense State

2.2 PMA Function

The PMA converts code-bits into NRZI format and passes these to the PMD, and vice versa。

NRZI 编码（Non Return Zero Inverted Code），即反向不归零编码，信号电平翻转表示0，信号电平不变表示1。00100010(B)的信号示意图如下：

2.2.1 Carrier  Detect

The Carrier Detect process monitors the r_bits vector until it detects two non-contiguous ZEROS in the incoming code-bit sequence（检测到两个非连续的0，正好和SSD对应。空闲时，传输的空闲码字为全1，A carrier event is in error if it does not start with an SSD。触发carrier event ,意味着链路有有效输出数据传递）. 

2.2.2 Link Monitor

The Link Monitor process is responsible for determining whether the underlying receive channel is provid-ing reliable data(底层通道的故障通常会导致PMA暂停正常操作).

2.2.4 Far-End Fault Detect 

待补充